Cybercrime has become increasingly challenging as efforts to disrupt it have shifted beyond the threat actors themselves towards the infra...
Ofcom media regulators said none of the company made any serious efforts to make recommendations feeds/explore pages safer, despite proof that these platforms are the main entry point through which underage kids face harm.
Ofcom said the platforms are “not safe enough”. The report comes after Ofcom’s call for stricter action on children’s online safety, saying Roblox, meta, and Snap had each complied to stronger anti-grooming actions.
TikTok said it was quite disappointing that Ofcom didn’t acknowledge its safety measures, whereas Youtube said it worked with child safety researchers to give industry grade, age-appropriate experiences for children.
Ofcom’s latest report explains how five large social media and video platforms responded to its call for safety measures. The report said that, "Notably, TikTok and YouTube failed to commit to any significant changes to reduce harmful content being served to children, maintaining their feeds are already safe for children.” Ofcom added, "Our wealth of evidence, published today, suggests they are still not safe enough."
Responding to the criticism, YouTube and TikTok said that safety measures already existed. YouTube’s short-form video timer allowed parents to control scrolling time for Shorts feed, whereas TikTok stopped direct messaging (DM) for under-16 children.
Governments have taken measures to address online child safety. UK PM Keir Starmer has urged social media platforms to take greater responsibility. Britain is discussing tighter restrictions, this includes a potential ban on under-16 children that use social media, inspired from Australia's landmark decision that tackled addictive design features.
According to social media analyst Matt Navarra, the report has shown a shift in how we perceive online harm as a “product problem.” Earlier, the debate was, “did the platform remove harmful content quickly enough?' - the new one has shifted towards, 'why did the platform show it to a child in the first place?”
Ofcom reported that 73% of 11-17 year olds were exposed to malicious content for four weeks, primarily through recommendation feeds. TikTok was the most cited, followed by YouTube, Instagram and Snapchat. Experts stress that YouTube and TikTok said their existing platforms were adequate, but media regulators have found their feeds to be unsafe.
A cybercrime group known as TeamPCP has been linked to an expanding series of software supply chain attacks that researchers say have affected hundreds of organizations, with GitHub becoming the latest high-profile name connected to the campaign.
GitHub recently disclosed that it had identified thousands of repositories impacted after a developer reportedly installed a compromised extension for Visual Studio Code (VSCode), Microsoft's widely used source-code editor. TeamPCP later claimed on the cybercrime forum BreachForums that it had gained access to roughly 4,000 GitHub repositories and attempted to advertise what it described as GitHub source code and internal organizational data for sale. GitHub stated that it had identified at least 3,800 affected repositories but said its investigation indicated the exposed repositories contained the company's own code rather than customer code.
The incident highlights the growing danger of software supply chain attacks. Unlike traditional intrusions that target a company directly, these operations focus on software that developers trust and use every day. By secretly inserting malicious code into legitimate tools, attackers can potentially reach thousands of downstream users through a single compromise.
Security researchers tracking TeamPCP believe the group has transformed what was once considered an occasional cybersecurity threat into a recurring problem. According to software supply chain security firm Socket, the group has launched around 20 separate attack waves in recent months, embedding malicious code into more than 500 unique software projects. When different compromised versions are counted, that number rises to well over a thousand malicious releases.
Researchers say the group's success stems from a self-reinforcing attack cycle. TeamPCP typically begins by compromising a development environment associated with an open-source project. Malware is then inserted into software packages that are downloaded by other developers. Once installed, the malicious code can steal credentials, authentication tokens, and publishing permissions, allowing attackers to compromise additional software projects and continue spreading through the development ecosystem.
Recent investigations indicate that TeamPCP has increasingly automated this process through a worm known as Mini Shai-Hulud. The malware has been observed creating GitHub repositories containing encrypted credentials stolen from victims while leaving references to Frank Herbert's science-fiction universe Dune. Researchers note that although the name resembles an earlier worm called Shai-Hulud, there is currently no evidence linking TeamPCP to that previous campaign.
GitHub is not the only organization mentioned in connection with the operation. Researchers have previously linked TeamPCP activity to incidents involving OpenAI, Mercor, and several widely used software development projects. During a major expansion of its campaign earlier this year, the group reportedly compromised software and infrastructure associated with Trivy, LiteLLM, Checkmarx, pgserve, TanStack, and Mistral AI. The stolen credentials obtained through those attacks were allegedly used to fuel further compromises.
Security analysts describe credential theft as the group's primary enabler. Long-lived access tokens and poorly managed credentials allow attackers to move from one environment to another with relatively little effort. According to researchers, once a single trusted credential is stolen, it can provide access to additional repositories, cloud resources, and development systems.
The group's activities have also evolved beyond software tampering. Threat intelligence researchers report that TeamPCP has engaged in ransomware deployment, data extortion, and data-sale operations. In April, the group reportedly began adopting elements of a ransomware-as-a-service model through associations with cybercriminal platforms such as BreachForums and DragonForce. Researchers have additionally observed activity involving CanisterWorm, malware that targeted Kubernetes environments and reportedly deployed destructive functionality against selected Iranian targets.
The scale of the campaign has renewed debate over how organizations should safely consume open-source software. Experts recommend strengthening credential management practices, regularly rotating access tokens, limiting permissions wherever possible, and closely monitoring software dependencies. They also advise organizations to avoid automatically installing newly released software updates without first validating their integrity. In some recent cases, security teams detected malicious updates within minutes, but users who relied on automatic updates had already installed the compromised code.
The bigger lesson, researchers say, is that trust alone is no longer sufficient in modern software development. Open-source software remains a cornerstone of the global technology ecosystem, but organizations increasingly need verification processes, update review procedures, and continuous monitoring to reduce the risk posed by rapidly spreading supply chain attacks.