kAs tensions continue to rise in the wake of the Pahalgam terror attack and India's subsequent launch of Operation Sindoor, a fierce cyber confrontation has simultaneously unfolded in the digital realm. Hacktivist groups aligned with both India and Pakistan have been engaged in a sustained virtual clash.
A cyber threat intelligence assessment by Kochi-based cybersecurity firm Technisanct highlights how pro-Pakistan and Bangladeshi hacktivist groups have launched a wave of cyberattacks on Indian institutions. While not all incidents were listed in the public report, Technisanct noted key Indian targets including BSNL, the Income Tax Department, Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, various state government websites, and Indian Railways. In retaliation, pro-India hacktivists focused their attacks on Pakistani establishments such as the Pakistan Air Force, Punjab Emergency Service Department, the Bank of Punjab, Ministry of Finance, and Jinnah International Airport.
The report identifies more than 200 cyber incidents between April 22—the day of the Pahalgam attack—and May 8, just after Operation Sindoor was launched. This data, compiled using threat intelligence sources like falconfeeds.io, Technisanct’s monitoring tools, public disclosures, and threat actor communications across Telegram and X, signals the heightened scale of this cyber offensive.
Among the reported incidents, 111 were DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks, which aim to overwhelm target servers and disrupt online services. DDoS attacks made up 55.5% of the total. Other forms of attacks included website defacements (35.5%), general cyber alerts (11%), data breaches (7.5%), unauthorized access attempts (2%), and data leaks (1.5%). For context, there were only 147 DDoS attacks in India between February and April, while 112 DDoS cases were recorded from May 1 to 9 alone.
Government and public sector entities bore the brunt of the offensive, accounting for 52% of incidents (104 cases). Educational institutions followed with 43 attacks (21.5%), and technology or IT service firms recorded 13 attacks (6.5%). The focus on essential public sectors and IT infrastructure signals a calculated effort to disrupt public services and potentially compromise broader networks.
"The targeting of technology & IT services organisations could indicate an attempt to leverage these entities for further attacks or to compromise supply chains," the report noted.
Technisanct identified 36 pro-Pakistan hacktivist groups responsible for the digital assaults, with 14 Indian groups retaliating. Leading the offensive from the Pakistani side were:
- Nation of Saviors (34 incidents)
- Keymous+ (26)
- Electronic Army Special Forces (25)
- KAL EGY 319 (16)
- GARUDA ERROR SYSTEM (15)
- AnonSec (14)
- Sylhet Gang-SG (13)
- Mr Hamza (11)
- Dark Cyber Gang (9)
- INDOHAXSEC (8)
"These groups have aggressively pursued ideologically motivated cyber operations targeting Indian government domains, military assets, and financial platforms. Their tactics largely revolve around DDoS attacks, defacement campaigns, and selective data leaks, often coordinated through Telegram, X and other encrypted channels. The prominence of these actors underscores an organised and sustained campaign against Indian interests in cyberspace, leveraging real-world conflicts to justify digital aggression," the report states.
Technisanct CEO Nandakishore Harikumar told Onmanorama,
"The physical war is highly proportional to digital war. When a single missile is launched in the physical space, thousands of missiles can be launched in the cyber space. The intention is to hit services directly. I believe that, gradually, maybe in the next 50 years, 50 per cent of the war will be fought in the digital space. Even the flood of fake news and misinformation we see is kind of a warfare. We started seeing a huge pattern of this during the Ukraine-Russian crisis, followed by the Israel-Palestine clash."
The report concluded that the cyber activities post-Pahalgam represent a major and evolving national threat.
“The high volume of incidents, the increasing number of participating threat actors, the focus on critical sectors, and the escalating daily activity underscore the urgent need for a robust and comprehensive national cybersecurity strategy that explicitly addresses both cyberattacks and related disinformation, while also considering the dynamics of cyber conflict escalation.”
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