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US
Cyberwarfare / Nation-State Attack Europe malware US

Zero-Click iMessage Exploit ‘NICKNAME’ Targets High-Profile Figures in US and Europe

 

A newly uncovered zero-click vulnerability in Apple’s iMessage, codenamed NICKNAME, has been exploited in a series of sophisticated cyberattacks targeting influential individuals across the United States and Europe, according to a new report from mobile security firm iVerify. The exploit, which requires no interaction from the victim, was detected on iPhones belonging to political leaders, journalists, and executives in the AI industry. 

The campaign is suspected to be part of an espionage operation with potential links to Chinese state-backed actors. In late 2024 and early 2025, iVerify observed a minuscule but significant anomaly in crash reports—0.0001% of logs among a sample of 50,000 iPhones. Deeper analysis led to the identification of the NICKNAME flaw, which stems from a vulnerability in the imagent process. 

The exploit is triggered by a rapid sequence of iMessage nickname updates, leading to a use-after-free memory issue that allows for remote device takeover. Six compromised devices have been identified so far. Four displayed signs of the NICKNAME exploit, while two showed evidence of successful breaches. 

The common link among the victims was their perceived opposition to Chinese interests, with many previously targeted by the notorious Salt Typhoon operation or involved in business or activism against the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Although Apple addressed the flaw in its iOS 18.3.1 update, iVerify warns that NICKNAME may be only a single piece of a broader, ongoing exploit chain. 

The company is urging government agencies and high-risk organizations to revamp their mobile security frameworks in light of the growing threat landscape. While direct attribution to the CCP remains unconfirmed, circumstantial evidence is strong. Independent iOS security experts, including Patrick Wardle of the Objective-By-The-Sea foundation, have corroborated the threat, validating the risks posed by mobile spyware even against encrypted platforms like Signal.
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TikTok
China Data Regulation Europe GDPR Privacy Social Media TikTok

EU Fines TikTok $600 Million for Data Transfers to China

EU Fines TikTok $600 Million for Data Transfers to China

Regulators said that the EU has fined TikTok 530 million euros (around $600 million). Chinese tech giant ByteDance owns TikTok, which has been found guilty of illegally sending the private data of EU users to China and lack of compliance to ensure the protection of data from potential access by Chinese authorities. According to an AFP news report, the penalty— one of the largest ever issued to date by EU’s data protection agencies— comes after a detailed inquiry into the legitimacy of TikTok’s data transfer rules. 

TikTok Fine and EU

TikTok’s lead regulator in Europe, Ireland’s Data Protection Commission (DPC) said that TikTok accepted during the probe about hosting European user data in China. DPC’s deputy commissioner Graham Doyle said that “TikTok failed to verify, guarantee, and demonstrate that the personal data of (European) users, remotely accessed by staff in China, was afforded a level of protection essentially equivalent to that guaranteed within the EU,”

Besides this, Doyle said that TikTok’s failure to address the dangers of possible access to Europeans’s private data by Chinese authorities under China’s anti-terrorism, counter-espionage, and other regulations, which TikTok itself found different than EU’s data protection standards. 

TikTok will contest the decision

TikTok has declared to contest the heavy EU fine, despite the findings. TikTok Europe’s Christine Grahn stressed that the company has “never received a request” from authorities in China for European users’ data and that “TikTok” has never given EU users’ data to Chinese authorities. “We disagree with this decision and intend to appeal it in full,” Christine said. 

TikTok boasts a massive 1.5 billion users worldwide. In recent years, the social media platform has been under tough pressure from Western governments due to worries about the misuse of data by Chinese actors for surveillance and propaganda aims. 

TikTok to comply with EU Rules

In 2023, the Ireland DPC fined TikTok 354 million euros for violating EU rules related to the processing of children’s information. The DPC’s recent judgment also revealed that TikTok violated requirements under the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) by sending user data to China. The decision includes a 530 million euro administrative penalty plus a mandate that TikTok aligns its data processing rules with EU practices within 6 months. 

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Yoojo
AppSecurity CloudMisconfiguration CloudStorage Cybersecurity Data Breach Europe GDPR IdentityTheft Leak PersonalData phishing Privacy TechSecurity UserPrivacy Yoojo

Yoojo Exposes Millions of Sensitive Files Due to Misconfigured Database

 

Yoojo, a European service marketplace, accidentally left a cloud storage bucket unprotected online, exposing around 14.5 million files, including highly sensitive user data. The data breach was uncovered by Cybernews researchers, who immediately informed the company. Following the alert, Yoojo promptly secured the exposed archive.

The database contained a range of personally identifiable information (PII), including full names, passport details, government-issued IDs, user messages, and phone numbers. This level of detail, according to experts, could be exploited for phishing, identity theft, or even financial fraud.

Yoojo offers an online platform connecting users with service providers for tasks like cleaning, gardening, childcare, IT support, moving, and homecare. With over 500,000 downloads on Google Play, the app has gained significant traction in France, Spain, the Netherlands, and the UK.

Cybernews stated that the exposed database was publicly accessible for at least 10 days, though there's no current evidence of malicious exploitation. Still, researchers cautioned that unauthorized parties might have already accessed the data. Yoojo has yet to issue a formal comment on the incident.

“Leaked personal details enables attackers to create highly targeted phishing, vishing, and smishing campaigns. Fraudulent emails and SMS scams could involve impersonating Yoojo service providers asking for sensitive information like payment details or verification documents,” Cybernews researchers said.

The incident underscores how frequently misconfigured databases lead to data exposures. While many organizations rely on cloud services for storing confidential information, they often overlook the shared responsibility model that cloud infrastructure follows.

On a positive note, most companies act swiftly once made aware of such vulnerabilities—just as Yoojo did—by promptly restricting access to the exposed data.
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Russia
Cyber Attacks Europe hybrid attacks Russia

Russia Accused of Carrying Out Over 50 Secret Operations Across Europe

 



In the last few years since the war in Ukraine began, several European countries have experienced unusual and suspicious activities. These events include online attacks, spying, fires, and efforts to spread false information. Investigations suggest that many of these actions may be linked to Russia or groups working in its interest.

According to a report studied by journalists from a global news agency, at least 59 such incidents have taken place. These actions are believed to be part of a broader strategy known as "hybrid attacks" which mix cybercrime, sabotage, and misinformation to confuse or harm other countries without direct warfare.

Some of these incidents involved hackers breaking into politicians' accounts or important systems. In other cases, there were attempts to cause damage through arson or even plans to smuggle explosives onto cargo flights. These activities have raised serious concerns among security agencies.

Officials from NATO believe these attacks serve two purposes: to create political tension within countries and to reduce international support for Ukraine. Nations that have supported Ukraine the most— like Poland, Finland, Estonia, and Latvia—have been targeted more often.

In the Baltic Sea, mysterious shipping activity has raised suspicions of Russian involvement in damaging undersea cables and pipelines. On land, authorities in some countries have accused Russia and its close ally Belarus of creating border tensions by pushing migrants toward their borders. Fires in Lithuania and Poland have also been publicly connected to these efforts.

When asked for a response, Russian officials denied all the accusations and claimed there was no solid proof of their involvement.

In a separate investigation, journalists from a European media alliance managed to secretly join an online group linked to Russian hackers. The journalist, after gaining the group's trust, was asked to perform tasks such as putting anti-West stickers in European cities and gathering personal data about people and groups.

This group was also linked to cyberattacks targeting vital infrastructure in European and NATO member countries. They appear to be part of a growing number of hacker collectives that act on behalf of Russian interests.

A European Union representative described these operations as an invisible form of war that is becoming more common across the continent— not just in countries near Russia.

Security experts say Russian intelligence may be hiring short-term agents through online channels to carry out small-scale missions. Because these people work anonymously and are hard to trace, it's difficult to hold anyone directly responsible.

According to the Czech foreign minister, there have been around 500 suspicious cases across Europe. Of these, about 100 have been officially blamed on Russia. He added that such attacks are happening more frequently now.


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Russia
Aerospace Cyber Attacks Europe Poland Russia

Poland’s Space Agency Investigates Cyberattack, Works On Security Measures

 



Poland’s space agency, POLSA, has reported a cyberattack on its systems, prompting an ongoing investigation. In response to the breach, the agency quickly disconnected its network from the internet to prevent further damage. As of Monday, its official website was still offline.  


Government and Cybersecurity Teams Take Action

Poland’s Minister of Digital Affairs, Krzysztof Gawkowski, confirmed that cybersecurity experts detected unauthorized access to POLSA’s systems. Security specialists have since secured the affected infrastructure and are now working to determine who was behind the attack. However, officials have not yet shared whether the hackers were financially motivated cybercriminals or politically driven groups. The method used to infiltrate the agency’s network also remains undisclosed.  


Why Hackers Target Space Agencies

Organizations involved in space research and technology are often appealing targets for cybercriminals. Many of these agencies collaborate with defense and intelligence sectors, making them vulnerable to attacks that could expose confidential projects, satellite communications, and security-related data. A cyberattack on such an agency could disrupt critical operations, leak classified research, or even interfere with national security.  


Poland Faces a Surge in Cyberattacks

Poland has become one of the most frequently targeted countries in the European Union when it comes to cyber threats. Earlier this year, Gawkowski stated that the country experiences more cyber incidents than any other EU nation, with most attacks believed to be linked to Russian actors. Poland’s strong support for Ukraine, both in military assistance and humanitarian aid, has likely contributed to this rise in cyber threats.  

The number of cyberattacks against Poland has increased drastically in recent years. Reports indicate that attacks doubled in 2023 compared to previous years, with over 400,000 cybersecurity incidents recorded in just the first half of the year. In response, the Polish government introduced a cybersecurity initiative in June, allocating $760 million to strengthen the country’s digital defenses.  


Other Space Agencies Have Also Been Targeted

This is not the first time a space agency has fallen victim to cyberattacks. Japan’s space agency, JAXA, has faced multiple breaches in the past. In 2016, reports suggested that JAXA was among 200 Japanese organizations targeted by suspected Chinese military hackers. In 2023, unknown attackers infiltrated the agency’s network, raising concerns that sensitive communications with private companies, such as Toyota, may have been exposed.  

As space technology continues to advance, protecting space agencies from cyber threats has become more crucial than ever. These organizations handle valuable and often classified information, making them prime targets for espionage, sabotage, and financial cybercrime. If hackers manage to breach their systems, the consequences could be severe, ranging from stolen research data to disruptions in satellite operations and defense communications.  

POLSA’s ongoing investigation will likely uncover more details about the cyberattack in the coming weeks. For now, the incident highlights the increasing need for governments and space organizations to invest in stronger cybersecurity measures to protect critical infrastructure.

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Technology
AI Europe GDPR Meta Ray-Ban Glasses Technology

Meta Introduces AI Features For Ray-Ban Glasses in Europe

 

Meta has officially introduced certain AI functions for its Ray-Ban Meta augmented reality (AR) glasses in France, Italy, and Spain, marking a significant step in the company's spread of its innovative wearable technology across Europe. 

Starting earlier this week, customers in these nations were able to interact with Meta's AI assistant solely through their voice, allowing them to ask general enquiries and receive responses through the glasses. 

As part of Meta's larger initiative to make its AI assistant more widely available, this latest deployment covers French, Italian, and Spanish in addition to English. The announcement was made nearly a year after the Ray-Ban Meta spectacles were first released in September 2023.

In a blog post outlining the update, Meta stated, "We are thrilled to introduce Meta AI and its cutting-edge features to regions of the EU, and we look forward to expanding to more European countries soon.” However, not all of the features accessible in other regions will be included in the European rollout. 

While customers in the United States, Canada, and Australia benefit from multimodal AI capabilities on their Ray-Ban Meta glasses, such as the ability to gain information about objects in view of the glasses' camera, these functions will not be included in the European update at present.

For example, users in the United States can ask their glasses to identify landmarks in their surroundings, such as "Tell me more about this landmark," but these functionalities are not available in Europe due to ongoing regulatory issues. 

Meta has stated its commitment to dealing with Europe's complicated legal environment, specifically the EU's AI Act and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The company indicated that it is aiming to offer multimodal capabilities to more countries in the future, but there is no set date. 

While the rollout in France, Italy, and Spain marks a significant milestone, Meta's journey in the European market is far from done. As the firm navigates the regulatory landscape and expands its AI solutions, users in Europe can expect more updates and new features for their Ray-Ban Meta glasses in the coming months. 

As Meta continues to grow its devices and expand its AI capabilities, all eyes will be on how the firm adjusts to Europe's legal system and how this will impact the future of AR technology worldwide.
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Tech giants
Artifcial Intelligence Data collection Europe GDPR Google Privacy Tech giants

Is Google Spying on You? EU Investigates AI Data Privacy Concerns



Google is currently being investigated in Europe over privacy concerns raised about how the search giant has used personal data to train its generative AI tools. The subject of investigation is led by Ireland's Data Protection Commission, which ensures that the giant technical company adheres to strict data protection laws within the European Union. This paper will establish whether Google adhered to its legal process, such as obtaining a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA), before using people's private information to develop its intelligent machine models.

Data Collection for AI Training Causes Concerns

Generative AI technologies similar to Google's brand Gemini have emerged into the headlines because these tend to create fake information and leak personal information. This raises the question of whether Google's AI training methods, necessarily involving tremendous amounts of data through which such training must pass, are GDPR-compliant-its measures to protect privacy and rights regarding individuals when such data is used for developing AI.

This issue at the heart of the probe is if Google should have carried out a DPIA, which is an acronym for Data Protection Impact Assessment-the view of any risks data processing activities may have on the rights to privacy of individuals. The reason for conducting a DPIA is to ensure that the rights of the individuals are protected simply because companies like Google process humongous personal data so as to create such AI models. The investigation, however, is specifically focused on how Google has been using its model called PaLM2 for running different forms of AI, such as chatbots and enhancements in the search mechanism.

Fines Over Privacy Breaches

But if the DPC finds that Google did not comply with the GDPR, then this could pose a very serious threat to the company because the fine may amount to more than 4% of the annual revenue generated globally. Such a company as Google can raise billions of dollars in revenue every year; hence such can result in a tremendous amount.

Other tech companies, including OpenAI and Meta, also received similar privacy-based questions relating to their data practices when developing AI.

Other general issues revolve around the processing of personal data in this fast-emerging sphere of artificial intelligence.

Google Response to Investigation

The firm has so far refused to answer questions over specific sources of data used to train its generative AI tools. A company spokesperson said Google remains dedicated to compliance with the GDPR and will continue cooperating with the DPC throughout the course of the investigation. The company maintains it has done nothing illegal. And just because a company is under investigation, that doesn't mean there's something wrong with it; the very act of inquiring itself forms part of a broader effort to ensure that companies using technology take account of how personal information is being used.

Data Protection in the AI Era

DPC questioning of Google is part of a broader effort by the EU regulators to ensure generative AI technologies adhere to the bloc's high data-privacy standards. As concerns over how personal information is used, more companies are injecting AI into their operations. The GDPR has been among the most important tools for ensuring citizens' protection against misuse of data, especially during cases involving sensitive or personal data.

In the last few years, other tech companies have been prosecuted with regard to their data-related activities in AI development. Recently, the developers of ChatGPT, OpenAI, and Elon Musk's X (formerly Twitter), faced investigations and complaints under the law of GDPR. This indicates the growing pressure technological advancement and the seriousness in the protection of privacy are under.

The Future of AI and Data Privacy

In developing AI technologies, firms developing relevant technology need to strike a balance between innovation and privacy. The more innovation has brought numerous benefits into the world-search capabilities and more efficient processes-the more it has opened risks to light by leaving personal data not so carefully dealt with in most cases.

Moving forward, the regulators, including the DPC, would be tracking the manner in which the companies like Google are dealing with the data. It is sure to make rules much more well-defined on what is permissible usage of personal information for developing the AI that would better protect individuals' rights and freedoms in this digital age.

Ultimately, the consequences of this study may eventually shape how AI technologies are designed and implemented in the European Union; it will certainly inform tech businesses around the world.


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Trend Micro
Africa APT41 Cyber Security Cybersecurity Earth Baku Europe malware Middle East sophisticated attacks Threat actor Trend Micro

China-Backed Earth Baku Broadens Cyber Assaults to Europe, Middle East, and Africa

 

The China-backed threat actor Earth Baku has diversified its targeting footprint beyond the Indo-Pacific region to include Europe, the Middle East, and Africa starting in late 2022. Newly targeted countries include Italy, Germany, the U.A.E., and Qatar, with suspected attacks also detected in Georgia and Romania. Governments, media and communications, telecoms, technology, healthcare, and education sectors are among those singled out as part of the intrusion set.

Trend Micro researchers Ted Lee and Theo Chen, in an analysis published last week, noted that Earth Baku has updated its tools, tactics, and procedures (TTPs) in more recent campaigns. The group utilizes public-facing applications such as IIS servers as entry points for attacks, subsequently deploying sophisticated malware toolsets on the victim's environment. The findings build upon recent reports from Zscaler and Google-owned Mandiant, which also detailed the threat actor's use of malware families like DodgeBox (aka DUSTPAN) and MoonWalk (aka DUSTTRAP). Trend Micro has assigned them the monikers StealthReacher and SneakCross.

Earth Baku, a threat actor associated with APT41, has been known for its use of StealthVector as far back as October 2020. Their attack chains involve the exploitation of public-facing applications to drop the Godzilla web shell, which is then used to deliver follow-on payloads. StealthReacher has been classified as an enhanced version of the StealthVector backdoor loader, responsible for launching SneakCross, a modular implant and a likely successor to ScrambleCross that leverages Google services for its command-and-control (C2) communication.

The attacks are further characterized by the use of other post-exploitation tools such as iox, Rakshasa, and a Virtual Private Network (VPN) service known as Tailscale. Sensitive data exfiltration to the MEGA cloud storage service is accomplished by means of a command-line utility dubbed MEGAcmd. "The group has employed new loaders such as StealthVector and StealthReacher to stealthily launch backdoor components, and added SneakCross as their latest modular backdoor," the researchers stated.

"The persistence of Earth Baku is notable," said the researchers. "Their tactics show a sophisticated understanding of public-facing applications, allowing them to infiltrate various sectors with precision." They further explained that the group's post-exploitation tools are customized to fit specific operational needs, with iox and Rakshasa playing significant roles in maintaining prolonged access and stealth. Tailscale, the VPN service, ensures the attackers can manage their operations without detection, while MEGAcmd allows for efficient data exfiltration.

The continued evolution of Earth Baku's methods, including the introduction of new malware like SneakCross, highlights the growing complexity and threat posed by this actor. The group’s ability to adapt and refine their TTPs makes them a formidable adversary in the cyber landscape.
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