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Showing posts with label Malwares. Show all posts
Russian Hackers
COLDRIVER Coldriver hacker group Cyber Attacks cyber espionage data security espionage Hacker attack Malware Attack Malwares Russian Hackers

Lostkeys Malware: Russian Group Coldriver Targets Western Officials in Espionage Campaign

 

A new wave of cyber espionage has emerged, with Russian hackers deploying a sophisticated malware strain known as “Lostkeys” to infiltrate the systems of Western officials, journalists, and NGOs. According to researchers from Google’s Threat Intelligence Group, the malware is linked to Coldriver, also known as UNC4057, Star Blizzard, or Callisto—a threat actor believed to be part of Russia’s Federal Security Service (FSB), the successor to the KGB. 

Coldriver has traditionally been involved in phishing operations to steal credentials, but the emergence of Lostkeys demonstrates a significant leap in their cyber capabilities. Lostkeys appears to mark a shift in strategy for the group, moving beyond phishing and into deeper system infiltration. The malware is deployed in a targeted manner, reserved for high-value individuals such as political advisors, think tank members, journalists, and people with known connections to Ukraine.

Activity related to Lostkeys was observed by Google in the early months of 2024—specifically January, March, and April—with evidence suggesting its use might have started as far back as December 2023. The attack begins with a deceptive Captcha page, tricking victims into copying a malicious PowerShell script into the Windows Run dialog. This method, known as “ClickFix,” bypasses typical security filters and exploits user behavior rather than software vulnerabilities. 

Once executed, the script connects to a command-and-control server, downloading a series of payloads uniquely tailored to each victim. In an effort to avoid detection, the malware includes anti-sandbox measures. During the second stage of infection, the script checks the screen resolution of the host machine and halts if it matches known virtual machine environments used by analysts and cybersecurity researchers. If the device passes this check, the malware proceeds to the final stage—a Visual Basic Script that steals data, including specific file types, system details, and active processes. These are exfiltrated back to the attackers using an encoded system that applies a unique two-key substitution cipher for each infected machine. 

Lostkeys appears to be a more refined successor to a previous malware strain known as Spica, which Coldriver also deployed in 2024. While both strains focus on data exfiltration, Lostkeys features a more intricate delivery system and improved obfuscation techniques. Some earlier samples of Lostkeys mimicked legitimate software like Maltego and used executable files instead of PowerShell, though Google has not confirmed if these instances were part of the same campaign or the work of a different threat actor reusing Coldriver’s tactics. 

This development highlights an alarming evolution in state-backed cyber operations, where advanced social engineering and stealth techniques are being increasingly used to infiltrate high-profile targets. As geopolitical tensions persist, the risks posed by such targeted cyber espionage campaigns are expected to grow.
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Phishing Scams
counterfeit Cyber Security Cyber Squatting Domain Fake Accounts Fake Domains fake websites imposter frauds Malwares Phishing Scams

Understanding Cybersquatting: How Malicious Domains Threaten Brands and Individuals

 

Cybersquatting remains a persistent threat in the digital landscape, targeting businesses, individuals, and public figures alike. This deceptive practice involves registering domain names that closely resemble those of legitimate brands or individuals, often with malicious intent. Despite rising awareness and improved security measures, cybersquatting continues to flourish. According to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), nearly 6,200 domain disputes related to cybersquatting were filed with its Arbitration and Mediation Center in 2024, indicating the scale of the problem. 

Typically, cybersquatters aim to exploit the reputation of an existing brand by acquiring a domain that looks similar to the original. They might register a domain before a business secures it, or take advantage of minor spelling variations that are easily overlooked by users. This allows them to mislead consumers, drive traffic to fraudulent websites, or sell the domain back to the rightful owner at a premium. In more dangerous scenarios, these domains are used to host phishing scams, distribute malware, or promote counterfeit products. One common technique employed by cybersquatters is typosquatting, where domains are registered with intentional misspellings or typographical errors. Unsuspecting users who mistype a URL may unknowingly land on malicious sites. 

A notable example occurred in 2006 when a domain resembling “Google.com” was used to trick visitors into installing fake antivirus software. Another tactic involves registering domains tied to celebrities or public figures, often with the intent to damage reputations or spread spam. A high-profile case involved Madonna, who successfully reclaimed a domain bearing her name that was being used to host adult content. Some cybersquatters engage in identity-based attacks, closely imitating official company domains to carry out fraud or data theft. For example, Dell once had to legally pursue entities that had registered over 1,100 domains using names resembling its brand. Others use a tactic called reverse cybersquatting, where they first register a business and then secure the corresponding domain, falsely claiming legitimacy to obstruct the actual brand’s efforts to recover it.

In another method, known as domain name warehousing, attackers monitor expiring domains and quickly register them if the original owner forgets to renew. In one case, a former campaign domain linked to politician Nigel Farage was redirected to an opponent’s site as a form of protest. While legal frameworks exist to combat cybersquatting, enforcement can be complex. In the United States, the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (ACPA) empowers victims to take legal action and potentially reclaim their domains along with financial damages. 

The European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) also provides mechanisms to enforce trademark rights in domain disputes. Additionally, WIPO can facilitate domain transfers when bad faith registration is proven. Despite these protections, prevention remains key. Organizations are encouraged to register not only their primary domains but also common misspellings, different extensions, and regional variations to minimize the risk of cybersquatters exploiting their identity.
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Routers Threat
Cyber Security FBI FBI cybersecurity advisory FBI warning Malware Threat Malwares Router Hacking Router vulnerability Routers Routers Threat

FBI Warns Consumers to Replace Outdated Routers Hijacked by TheMoon Malware

 

The FBI has issued an urgent warning to American consumers and businesses: replace outdated internet routers immediately or risk becoming an unwitting accomplice in cybercrime. According to the agency, cybercriminals are actively targeting “end-of-life” routers—older models that no longer receive security updates from manufacturers—and infecting them with a sophisticated variant of TheMoon malware. Once compromised, these routers are hijacked and repurposed as proxy servers that enable criminals to mask their identities while conducting illegal activities online. 

These include financial fraud, dark web transactions, and cyberattacks, all executed through unsuspecting users’ networks. Because these routers lack updated firmware and security patches, they are especially vulnerable to remote infiltration and control. TheMoon malware, which first emerged in 2014, has evolved into a more potent threat. It now scans for open ports and installs itself without requiring a password. Once embedded, it silently operates in the background, routing illicit activity and potentially spreading to other devices within the network. The malware’s stealthy behavior often leaves users unaware that their home or business network has become part of a criminal infrastructure. 

The FBI specifically warned that routers manufactured in 2010 or earlier are particularly at risk—especially if features like remote administration are still enabled. Older Linksys models such as E1200, E2500, E1000, E4200, E1500, E300, E3200, WRT320N, E1550, WRT610N, E100, M10, and WRT310N are listed among the most vulnerable devices. Signs of a compromised router may include overheating, unexplained changes to settings, or erratic internet connectivity. In many cases, users may not even realize their equipment is outdated, making them easy targets for attackers seeking anonymous access to the web. 

To defend against these threats, the FBI strongly advises replacing unsupported routers with modern, secure models. Users should also disable remote access functions, install the latest security patches, and use complex, unique passwords to further protect their networks. If anyone suspects their router has been hijacked or detects suspicious activity, they are encouraged to file a report with the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3). 

As cybercriminals become more innovative, relying on outdated technology increases exposure to serious digital threats. This latest alert is a stark reminder that cybersecurity begins at home—and that even something as common as a router can become a gateway for criminal exploitation if not properly secured.
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Remote Access Trojan
Data Breach data security Data Theft Fake Documents Fake PDF Info Stealer Malware Attack Malware Trojan Malwares Remote Access Trojan

Malware Hides in Fake PDF to DOCX Converters to Target Crypto Wallets and Steal Data

 

Cybercriminals have launched a deceptive malware campaign that disguises itself as online file converters, specifically targeting users searching for PDF to DOCX tools. This scheme uses convincing replicas of popular converter sites to execute hidden PowerShell scripts and deploy a Remote Access Trojan designed to steal sensitive data, including cryptocurrency wallets and browser credentials. 

Security researchers at CloudSEK investigated the threat following an FBI warning issued last month. They discovered that attackers are using a malware variant called Arechclient2, derived from the known info-stealing family SectopRAT. The campaign works by luring unsuspecting users to malicious websites that impersonate legitimate services like PDFCandy. These fake platforms feature realistic user interfaces, including loading indicators and CAPTCHA forms, to establish trust before delivering the malware. When a user attempts to convert a file, they are redirected multiple times before receiving a ZIP archive named “adobe.zip.” Inside the archive is the malicious payload, which installs the Arechclient2 Remote Access Trojan. 

This malware, active since 2019, is capable of scanning for browser-saved credentials, cryptocurrency wallet seed phrases, and even tapping into decentralized finance tools via Web3 APIs. Stephen Ajayi, Technical Lead at Hacken’s Dapp Audit division, explained that the malware not only lifts crypto wallet details but also enables attackers to “ghost-drain” assets after a transaction approval—making it especially dangerous for Web3 users. CloudSEK advises users to avoid downloading tools from unofficial or unverified sites, particularly free online file converters. Instead, they recommend trusted offline software or tools from official sources. 

They also warn that malicious files often disguise themselves using harmless-looking extensions, so users should inspect file types carefully and use reliable antivirus or endpoint detection software. Ajayi emphasized the importance of a proactive security mindset. “In cybersecurity, trust should be earned. Assume nothing is safe by default,” he said. He advised crypto users and general web users alike to adopt a zero-trust approach, keep their security tools updated, and monitor systems for unusual activity such as rogue msbuild.exe processes. 

As threats like these evolve, staying vigilant, maintaining strong security protocols, and preparing for worst-case scenarios are critical steps for avoiding compromise. Regular training and a well-tested incident response plan remain key defenses against such deceptive but damaging attacks.
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Mobile Cyber Attacks
Cyber Attacks Data Safety User Data data security Information Security Malware Attack Malwares Mobile Cyber Attacks

SK Telecom Malware Attack Exposes USIM Data in South Korea

 

SK Telecom, South Korea’s top mobile carrier, has disclosed a security incident involving a malware infection that exposed sensitive information tied to users’ Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs). The breach was detected on the night of April 19, 2025, during the weekend when many companies operate with reduced cybersecurity staffing. 

With nearly half of South Korea’s mobile market share and around 34 million subscribers, SK Telecom holds a crucial position in the country’s telecommunications sector. In an official statement, the company explained that malware had infiltrated parts of its network, prompting immediate action to contain the threat. 

The affected systems were isolated swiftly, and the malicious software was removed. So far, SK Telecom has stated there is no confirmed misuse of customer data linked to this breach. This was reported to the Korea Internet & Security Agency (KISA) on April 20, and to the Personal Information Protection Commission. 
Investigations are ongoing to determine how the attackers gained access and the extent of the data exposed. USIM cards store essential data such as International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) numbers, phone numbers (MSISDN), encryption keys for network authentication, and sometimes even stored contacts or text messages. Unauthorized access to this information could enable cybercriminals to conduct targeted surveillance, track users’ locations, or perform SIM-swapping attacks that could compromise online accounts and digital assets. 

In response, SK Telecom has strengthened security around USIM card management, increasing checks on SIM card replacement activities and monitoring authentication processes for suspicious behavior. Accounts showing irregular activities could face automatic suspension to prevent potential fraud. Additionally, the carrier is advising customers to activate their USIM protection service, a preventive measure that restricts unauthorized SIM swaps, adding extra protection to user accounts. 

A hacking group is yet to claim responsibility for the breach. SK Telecom emphasized that while the malware was neutralized quickly, they remain vigilant and are working closely with cybersecurity authorities to uncover more details about the intrusion and enhance future protections. 

This breach highlights ongoing risks faced by large mobile operators, especially during periods when cyber defenses might be less robust. It also underscores the critical need for mobile carriers to adopt continuous security monitoring and proactive measures to protect customer data from emerging threats. 

As investigations continue, SK Telecom has committed to updating customers and regulators about any new findings or developments related to the incident.
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Ransomwares
CVE CVEs Cyber Attacks Malware Attack Malwares Microsoft ransomware attacks Ransomware group Ransomwares

Windows CLFS Zero-Day CVE-2025-29824 Exploited by Ransomware Group Storm-2460

 

A newly disclosed Windows zero-day vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-29824, is being actively exploited in cyberattacks to deliver ransomware, Microsoft has warned. This flaw affects the Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) driver and enables local privilege escalation—a method often used by attackers after gaining initial access. 

Microsoft’s Threat Intelligence and Security Response teams revealed that the bug is classified as a “use-after-free” vulnerability with a severity score of 7.8. While attackers need to compromise a system before they can exploit this flaw, it remains highly valuable in ransomware operations. Cybercriminals often rely on these types of vulnerabilities to turn a limited foothold into full administrative control across networks. 

The cybercrime group currently leveraging this zero-day is known as Storm-2460. Microsoft reports that the group is using the exploit to deploy a custom backdoor named PipeMagic, which in turn facilitates the installation of RansomEXX ransomware—a variant not commonly observed but still capable of serious disruption. So far, Storm-2460 has targeted organizations in industries such as IT, finance, and retail, with victims located in countries including the United States, Spain, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. 

Microsoft emphasized that the number of known cases remains small, but the sophistication of the exploit is concerning. This attack is notable for being part of a “post-compromise” campaign, meaning the attacker already has a presence within the system before using the flaw. These types of exploits are frequently used to escalate privileges and move laterally within a network, eventually leading to broader ransomware deployment. Microsoft issued a security advisory for CVE-2025-29824 on April 8 and urged organizations to install updates immediately. Failure to do so could leave critical systems vulnerable to privilege escalation and full network compromise. 

To mitigate risk, Microsoft advises businesses to prioritize patch management, restrict unnecessary administrative privileges, and closely monitor for unusual behavior across endpoints. Cybersecurity teams are also encouraged to review logs for any indicators of compromise related to PipeMagic or RansomEXX. As ransomware tactics continue to evolve, the exploitation of vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-29824 reinforces the need for proactive defense strategies and rapid incident response protocols.
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MIME
CVE CVE exploits CVEs Cyber Security Hacking WhatsApp Malwares Meta Meta Platforms MIME

WhatsApp Windows Vulnerability CVE-2025-30401 Could Let Hackers Deliver Malware via Fake Images

 

Meta has issued a high-priority warning about a critical vulnerability in the Windows version of WhatsApp, tracked as CVE-2025-30401, which could be exploited to deliver malware under the guise of image files. This flaw affects WhatsApp versions prior to 2.2450.6 and could expose users to phishing, ransomware, or remote code execution attacks. The issue lies in how WhatsApp handles file attachments on Windows. 

The platform displays files based on their MIME type but opens them according to the true file extension. This inconsistency creates a dangerous opportunity for hackers: they can disguise executable files as harmless-looking images like .jpeg files. When a user manually opens the file within WhatsApp, they could unknowingly launch a .exe file containing malicious code. Meta’s disclosure arrives just as new data from online bank Revolut reveals that WhatsApp was the source of one in five online scams in the UK during 2024, with scam attempts growing by 67% between June and December. 

Cybersecurity experts warn that WhatsApp’s broad reach and user familiarity make it a prime target for exploitation. Adam Pilton, senior cybersecurity consultant at CyberSmart, cautioned that this vulnerability is especially dangerous in group chats. “If a cybercriminal shares the malicious file in a trusted group or through a mutual contact, anyone in that group might unknowingly execute malware just by opening what looks like a regular image,” he explained. 

Martin Kraemer, a security awareness advocate at KnowBe4, highlighted the platform’s deep integration into daily routines—from casual chats to job applications. “WhatsApp’s widespread use means users have developed a level of trust and automation that attackers exploit. This vulnerability must not be underestimated,” Kraemer said. Until users update to the latest version, experts urge WhatsApp users to treat the app like email—avoid opening unexpected attachments, especially from unknown senders or new contacts. 

The good news is that Meta has already issued a fix, and updating the app resolves the vulnerability. Pilton emphasized the importance of patch management, noting, “Cybercriminals will always seek to exploit software flaws, and providers will keep issuing patches. Keeping your software updated is the simplest and most effective protection.” For now, users should update WhatsApp for Windows immediately to mitigate the risk posed by CVE-2025-30401 and remain cautious with all incoming files.
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Security Flaws
Cyber Security Extension Malware Detection Malwares Marketplace Microsoft Microsoft security Ransomwares Security Flaws

Ransomware Found in VSCode Extensions Raises Concerns Over Microsoft’s Security Review

 

Cybersecurity experts have discovered ransomware hidden within two Visual Studio Code (VSCode) Marketplace extensions, raising concerns about Microsoft’s ability to detect malicious software in its platform. The compromised extensions, named “ahban.shiba” and “ahban.cychelloworld,” were downloaded by users before security researchers flagged them and they were subsequently removed. 

Despite Microsoft’s security measures, the extensions remained publicly accessible for a significant period, highlighting potential gaps in the company’s review process. The “ahban.cychelloworld” extension was first uploaded on October 27, 2024, followed by “ahban.shiba” on February 17, 2025. The VSCode Marketplace, designed to provide developers with additional tools for Microsoft’s popular coding platform, has come under scrutiny for failing to identify these threats. 

Researchers at ReversingLabs determined that both extensions included a PowerShell script that connected to a remote Amazon Web Services (AWS) server to download further malicious code. This secondary payload functioned as ransomware, though evidence suggests it was still in a testing phase. 

Unlike traditional ransomware that encrypts entire systems, this malware specifically targeted files stored in C:\users%username%\Desktop\testShiba.  Once the encryption was complete, victims received a Windows notification stating: “Your files have been encrypted. Pay 1 ShibaCoin to ShibaWallet to recover them.” However, no further instructions or payment details were provided, suggesting the malware was not yet fully developed.  

Although Microsoft eventually removed the extensions, security researcher Italy Kruk from ExtensionTotal disclosed that their automated detection system had identified the malicious code much earlier. Kruk stated that they had alerted Microsoft about the issue but received no response. Further analysis revealed that the initial version of “ahban.cychelloworld” was clean, but the ransomware was introduced in version 0.0.2, which was released on November 24, 2024. ExtensionTotal flagged this version to Microsoft on November 25, yet the extension remained available for months. 

During this time, five more versions were uploaded, all containing the same ransomware. This case has intensified concerns about Microsoft’s ability to monitor third-party extensions effectively. The security lapse within the VSCode Marketplace highlights the risk developers face when downloading extensions, even from official sources. Microsoft has previously faced criticism for both slow responses to security threats and for mistakenly removing non-malicious extensions. 

A notable example involved two popular VSCode themes, ‘Material Theme – Free’ and ‘Material Theme Icons – Free,’ which were taken down due to suspected obfuscated JavaScript. However, after further review, Microsoft determined the extensions were safe, reinstated them, and apologized, promising improvements to its security screening process. The presence of ransomware in widely used developer tools underscores the need for stronger security measures. Developers must stay cautious, regularly update security protocols, and carefully evaluate third-party extensions before installing them, even when they come from official platforms like the VSCode Marketplace.
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