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Is Your Android Device Tracking You? Understanding its Monitoring Methods

 

In general discussions about how Android phones might collect location and personal data, the focus often falls on third-party apps rather than Google's built-in apps. This awareness has grown due to numerous apps gathering significant information about users, leading to concerns, especially when targeted ads start appearing. The worry persists about whether apps, despite OS permissions, eavesdrop on private in-person conversations, a concern even addressed by Instagram's head in a 2019 CBS News interview.

However, attention to third-party apps tends to overshadow the fact that Android and its integrated apps track users extensively. While much of this tracking aligns with user preferences, it results in a substantial accumulation of sensitive personal data on phones. Even for those trusting Google with their information, understanding the collected data and its usage remains crucial, especially considering the limited options available to opt out of this data collection.

For instance, a lesser-known feature involves Google Assistant's ability to identify a parked car and send a notification regarding its location. This functionality, primarily guesswork, varies in accuracy and isn't widely publicized by Google, reflecting how tech companies leverage personal data for results that might raise concerns about potential eavesdropping.

The ways Android phones track users were highlighted in an October 2021 Kaspersky blog post referencing a study by researchers from the University of Edinburgh and Trinity College. While seemingly innocuous, the compilation of installed apps, when coupled with other personal data, can reveal intimate details about users, such as their religion or mental health status. This fusion of app presence with location data exposes highly personal information through AI-based assumptions.

Another focal point was the extensive collection of unique identifiers by Google and OEMs, tying users to specific handsets. While standard data collection aids app troubleshooting, these unique identifiers, including Google Advertising IDs, device serial numbers, and SIM card details, can potentially associate users even after phone number changes, factory resets, or ROM installations.

The study also emphasized the potential invasiveness of data collection methods, such as Xiaomi uploading app window histories and Huawei's keyboard logging app usage. Details like call durations and keyboard activity could lead to inferences about users' activities and health, reflecting the extensive and often unnoticed data collection practices by smartphones, as highlighted by Trinity College's Prof. Doug Leith.

Google Reaches an Agreement with 40 States Over Location Tracking Practices

 

Google has consented to a $391.5 million settlement with 40 states over its use of location tracking, according to Oregon Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum. Even when users thought they had turned off location tracking in their account settings, Google continued to collect information about their whereabouts, according to Oregon's Attorney General's office. 

Commencing in 2023, the settlement requires Google to be more transparent with users and provide clearer location-tracking disclosures. The settlement was led by Rosenblum and Nebraska Attorney General Doug Peterson. As per the release, it is the largest consumer privacy settlement ever led by a group of attorneys general.

“Consistent with improvements we’ve made in recent years, we have settled this investigation which was based on outdated product policies that we changed years ago,” said Google spokesperson José Castañeda in a statement.

The basis of the investigation was revealed in a 2018 Associated Press report.

Rosenblum said in the release, “For years Google has prioritized profit over their users’ privacy. They have been crafty and deceptive. Consumers thought they had turned off their location tracking features on Google, but the company continued to secretly record their movements and use that information for advertisers.”

Google paid $85 million to settle a similar lawsuit with Arizona last month, and the company is facing additional location tracking lawsuits in Washington, D.C., Indiana, Texas, and Washington state. According to the four AGs, Google was using location data for its ad business. 

The lawsuits instruct the court to order Google to hand over any algorithms developed with allegedly ill-gotten gains, as well as any monetary profits.

A Nearly $400 Million Fine Has Been Imposed on Google by the States

 

In a settlement over Google's location tracking practices, Google will have to pay close to $400 million to over 40 states. This is part of a $2.6 billion settlement to settle the matter as announced on Monday. 

Attorney General Rosenblum led an investigation into the multinational technology company that has its headquarters in Mountain View, California, along with Nebraska Attorney General Doug Peterson. According to the Oregon Attorney General's office, this is the largest consumer privacy settlement ever brought by an attorney general. 

In 2018, Rosenblum and other attorneys general started a bipartisan investigation into the company's practices based on an article published by the Associated Press. They found that Google had created confusing settings for consumers since at least 2014, and had been violating state consumer protection laws as a result. 

Rosenblum's office explained how the public was misled. According to the settlement agreement, Google misled its users into believing that they had turned off location tracking in their account settings. In fact, Google continued to collect their location information as indicated in the settlement. Further, in conjunction with the multimillion-dollar settlement, Google has agreed in the negotiations with the AGs to improve its user controls and disclosures about location tracking by 2023. 

To make sure users receive targeted advertisements, Google uses location data, as well as other types of personal information. In the view of Rosenblum's office, users' location data is among the most sensitive pieces of information that are collected by the company. This is because it is part of its attempt to create detailed profiles of them which can further be used in order to completely reveal the identity and routines of a person. 

In Rosenblum's view, "Google has prioritized profit over the privacy of its users for years. There has been a lot of deception and craftiness on their part. The company has been secretly recording the movements of consumers throughout the day and using that information for advertising purposes in spite of the fact that they thought they had turned off location tracking on Google." 

Besides paying $391.5 million, Google has also been ordered to make key information about location tracking unavoidable for users (not hidden). Google is now required to give users detailed information on a page titled “Location Technologies” about the types of location data it collects and how it is used. 

In addition to Arkansas, Florida, Illinois, Louisiana, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee, there were many other states that were part of the settlement. 

Among the states that have joined this settlement are Alabama, Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin. 

"Consumer privacy is one of my office’s top priorities. That’s why it’s so significant to me that Oregon played a key role in this settlement," Rosenblum further stated. "Until we have comprehensive privacy laws, companies will continue to compile large amounts of our personal data for marketing purposes with few controls."

Change These Settings to Prevent Your Android From Tracking You

 


You are being watched at every turn in today's connected world. You can have different kinds of apps and websites to track and collect your data for a wide range of purposes, both for personal and commercial use. A prominent example of this can be seen when Apple utilizes your data to process your transactions. Twitter can serve you with relevant advertisements, and Life360 can help it improve its location services based on your information.

There are, however, some apps and websites that utilize your personal information for the greater good, but not all of them. The same applies to your privacy, so it is always a wise idea to protect it as much as possible. 

The steps below are designed to help you stop your Android device from tracking you if you are using one. This includes deleting your web and app activity history, turning off your apps' location access, and disabling unnecessary location settings. 

By taking advantage of your location history 

The GPS feature of your Android phone is probably the most powerful way to track your location when using the phone. By signing into your Google account and allowing Location History to be enabled, Google can keep track of every place you visit when you are signed in. Several benefits can be gained from it, such as personalized maps, traffic reports, and the ability to find your phone when it is lost. These can enhance your experience in many ways. 

On the other hand, if you do not want Google following you everywhere, you can turn off location history. Here are the steps you need to follow to do so: 

  • Open the Settings app on your mobile device.
  • Open the Google search engine.
  • On the Google Account page, tap on "Manage your Google Account."
  • Click on the tab labeled "Date & privacy."
  • Next, below the History settings, select Location History. 
  • After that tap the "Turn off" button. 
  • Eventually, a dialog box will pop up, tap on "Pause". 
Regardless of whether you wish to delete your Location History or not, you can do so. As a result, you can remove data from the last 3, 18, or 36 months. 

You can set up Google to automatically delete your account by following these steps: 

  • Open Google Maps. 
  • Click on your profile icon. 
  • Select the timeline you wish to delete. 
  • Towards the top-right corner, click on the More icon (three vertical dots). 
  • Select "Settings and privacy" from the menu.
  • Under "Location settings," choose "Automatically delete Location History." 
  • Select "Auto-delete activity older than." 
  • From the drop-down menu, choose either three, 18, or 36. 
  • Tap Next. 
  • Select Confirm. 
  • Tap on the "Got it" button to exit. 

Your data will be automatically deleted from your account within the next few days if it has been older than the specified months. 

Tracing web and app activity 

Several settings on your phone can save your location, including Location History. The Web & App Activity gives you the same information as well as a lot more. Whenever you decide to enable Web & App Activity in your Google Account (via Google), you will be able to see the information you have entered and the location, IP address, ads you clicked, and even the things you have purchased (by Google). The following steps will guide you through the process of turning off this setting: 
  • Launch your Settings app. 
  • Scroll down and tap on Google. 
  • Select "Manage your Google Account." 
  • Navigate to the "Data & privacy" tab. 
  • Under "History settings," select "Web & App Activity." 
  • Click the "Turn off" button to disable Web & App Activity. 
  • Tap on Pause.
  • Click "Got it" to exit. 
  • Back on the "Web & App Activity" page, tap on the "Choose an auto-delete option" to automatically delete saved data. 
  • Select "Auto-delete activity older than."
  • From the drop-down menu, choose whether to delete saved data older than three, 18, or 36 months.
  • Click on Next. 
  • Select Confirm. 
  • Tap on "Got it" to exit. 

Update your location settings 


Additionally, you should also make sure that settings for your phone's location are changed, as well as blocking Google from saving your location. The settings you can turn off include the following:

Location

Scanners that help you locate nearby Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices: The phone can detect nearby Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices so it can get better location information based on their locations.

Location Services for Emergency Responses: Provides emergency responders with the ability to pinpoint your location when an emergency occurs.

Using the sensors on your phone, Wi-Fi, and the network of your mobile device, Google Location Accuracy improves the location information provided by your phone.

The steps listed below will guide you through the process of managing these settings (via Google): 

  • Launch the Settings app. 
  • Select Location. 
  • Toggle the slider off for "Use location" on top of the screen. 
  • Select "Wi-Fi and Bluetooth sharing." 
  • Turn off the sliders for both "Wi-Fi scanning" and "Bluetooth scanning." 
  • Return to the Location screen by clicking the Back button.
  • Select Advanced.
  • Tap on Emergency Location Service. 
  • Toggle the slider off if you prefer to do so. 
  • Return to the Location screen. 
  • Tap on Google Location Accuracy. 
  • Toggle the slider off next to "Improve Location Accuracy." 

Edit your device's permissions 

Location access is required by the majority of apps, if not all, so that you can get the best possible experience. If you live in a place where Facebook uses your location as an algorithm, you will be able to automatically include it when you post about it, find nearby places, and receive relevant ads.

By navigating to settings > Location > App access to location (via Google), you will be able to see which apps have access to your location and how they do it. The apps here fall under three categories: permitted all the time, permitted only while in use, and not permitted at all. If you have apps under "allowed all the time" and "available only while in use" that you want to remove location access to, simply tap the app. Then, select "Don't allow." 

The app will perform closer to your actual location if you enable the "Use precise location" toggle button for Android 12. This is only available when the app is running on Android 12, and when it does it uses your exact location. By switching this off, you will be able to see your approximate location instead of your exact location when you turn this off. Your location will appear to be somewhere within a radius of three kilometers of the actual location of the device. 

Check your Google Chrome settings 

It is common for you to come across websites when you are browsing the internet that will wish to know where you are located. A certain amount of help can be obtained from this method in some cases. Using a hardware retailer's website, for example, will allow it to display the closest hardware store near you, based on the information you provided on the company's website. 

You can check what websites currently have access to your location from your Google Chrome (via Google).

  • Launch the app. 
  • Tap on the More icon (three vertical dots) in the top-right corner of the screen. 
  • Select Settings. 
  • Scroll down to the "Advanced" section. 
  • Tap on Site settings. 
  • Select Location. 
  • Expand the "Allowed" section to check all the apps that can see your location. 
It is very simple to remove a site's location access by simply tapping on the site you wish to remove it from. Next, select the Block option from the drop-down menu. In addition, you can also turn off the location-sharing feature of Google Chrome to prevent it from tracking your location at all. By disabling this feature, you do not have to share your location with any sites you visit. Alternatively, if you are particularly concerned about the security of your data, you can consider switching to Tor or Firefox as alternative Android browsers. 

The advertising ID should be turned off

In today's world, ads are becoming more and more sophisticated. After researching plaid skirts one day, the next day you will be bombarded with advertisements for plaid skirts that you have never seen before. The ads online act as if they are watching every move you make and know exactly what you like before they ever reach your computer. Here, you will find instructions on how to disable this feature on your Android device (via Google). 

  • Launch your Settings app. 
  • Open Google.
  • Tap on "Manage your Google Account." 
  • Navigate to the "Data & privacy" tab. 
  • Under Ad settings, tap on "Ad personalization." 
  • Toggle off the slider next to "Ad personalization is ON." 
  • Select Turn off in the pop-up box. 
  • Tap on "Got it" to exit. 

However, disabling ad personalization does not mean you will stop seeing ads moving forward. They will still be there, but the upside is that they will only be general ads, not creepy personalized ones. 

If you disable ad personalization from your device, you may still see ads in the future despite disabling them.

Researcher Exposes Telegram's Location Bug, Company Say It's a Feature

An expert who observed that messaging platform Telegram's "People Nearby" feature revealed risk of accurate user location, is now informed that the feature is "working as expected." Users who use the "People Nearby" feature can view a list of other telegraph users within a short mile radius. Users can also find local group chats.  

Ahmad Hassan used a software that allowed him to fake the location of his Android phone, using it, he found locations of individuals from three different points. He used trilateration to pinpoint exact user location. Using this method, Ahmed could get accurate location of the users, including their home addresses, which is quite easy.  Hasan had found the issue hoping to get Bug Bounty as a reward, instead, he was told that the Telegram users share their locations intentionally i the "People Nearby" section. To determine the exact location of the users, one can expect sometimes to find it under certain conditions.  

But Hasan says that when a user allows "People Nearby" location, he is indirectly posting his residential address online. Many of the users are unaware of this information while they are using the feature. He also believes a widespread problem exists where hackers or users with malicious intent can use fake locations to join local group chats, and attack users with spams or phishing attacks using malicious links. It includes fraud links and fake Bitcoin investments, which is a proof to the poor app security.  Telegram claims that their platform is "more secure than mass market messengers like WhatsApp and Line." 

However, Telegram fails to mention the risks that can arise from malicious users. Others apps in recent times have also experienced the location issue.  The Register reports, "obtaining the location of nearby users is not an issue exclusive to digital devices. A stranger may follow someone home, for example. It is also not so long ago that a huge printed directory of local names, addresses, and telephone numbers used to be delivered to almost every home in many countries – and in the UK BT's online Phone Book service still offers a person search, including address details for those who have not opted out."