One of the most chilling reminders of how threat landscapes are evolving even to the most fortified sectors is a major cyber breach that has hit the core of France’s naval defence ecosystem, the Naval Group. Naval Group—widely regarded as one of the nation’s key innovators in the maritime industry—has been compromised by a calculated cyberattack that compromised its reputation for operational secrecy.
Almost 13 gigabytes of highly sensitive data, including technical documentation, submarine combat software components, internal communications, as well as decades-old audio recordings from submarine monitoring systems, were discovered on the internet. It was discovered that virtual machine containers, detailed architecture schematics, and proprietary system blueprints belonging to Naval Group engineers were found in the leak, as well as virtual machine containers.
A silent and strategic adversary was responsible for the intrusion, as it lacked digital vandalism or extortion demands. In spite of the fact that attribution is still unclear, there is speculation that nation-state actors could have been involved in espionage as well as independent threat groups that were seeking disruption or strategic leverage.
However, what remains undeniable is the scale and intent of the breach. This was a precise attack against an impenetrable defence network that was once considered impenetrable and unbreakable. Adding to the fragility of national defence and digital security, French naval defence contractor Naval Group has been the target of scrutiny after claims of a significant cyberattack that have raised concerns about the company's operations.
An anonymous group operating on the dark web, known as the Black Web forum, has claimed it has accessed and exfiltrated classified information related to key French naval platforms, including the nuclear-powered submarines of the Barracuda class. A month ago, the group released approximately 30 gigabytes of data, including software code from combat management systems, and issued a demand that they be contacted within 72 hours or risk leaking more information.
Despite the fact that the authenticity of these files is still uncertain, cybersecurity experts warn that even partial exposure to such sensitive source code could allow adversaries to gain valuable insight into the performance of weapons, their system architecture, and any vulnerabilities they may be able to exploit. It has been confirmed that Naval Group, owned by the French government in the majority, has begun an urgent technical investigation into the alleged breach.
In response to the incident, the company spokesperson described it as a PR attack rather than a confirmed intrusion into its internal infrastructure, stating that operations across shipyards and naval projects remain undisturbed. However, the strategic implications of this incident remain significant. With the creation of some of France's most advanced maritime defence assets, including the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier and the Triomphant submarines, Navy Group has played a crucial role in the nation's defence and that of allies.
The potential impact of a confirmed compromise could include both the threat to homeland security as well as the threat to international trade agreements between Australia, India, and Brazil. The Ministry of Armed Forces has yet to release a statement on the matter, but it has been reported that French cybersecurity agencies are helping to conduct the forensic analysis. In light of increasing concerns about global security in the defense supply chain, Naval Group has issued a formal statement stating that no intrusion has yet been detected on its internal information technology infrastructure, as of yet.
In a statement, the company announced that all of its resources had been mobilised to investigate whether the recently leaked data are authentic, provenance, or owned by the Indian Navy, as they had partnered with Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders to deliver six Scorpene-class submarines to the Indian Navy. In order to conduct the forensic investigation, we are collaborating with French authorities.
A similar incident occurred in 2016, when more than 22,000 classified pages of India's Scorpene submarines were leaked, raising serious concerns over the integrity of India's underwater warfare capabilities, a breach that has echoed this recent incident.
A recent breach could have far-reaching implications, as well as threaten the operational security of other nations that operate Scorpene-class submarines, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Chile, if it is verified. According to analysts, such a compromise would have a devastating effect on the international defence manufacturing ecosystem, undermining trust in the protection of military technologies and exposing transnational arms collaborations to systemic vulnerabilities.
Geopolitical tensions are increasingly raging in grey zone conflict - a territory where cyberattacks and information warfare blur the line between peace and hostility, as global defence contractors are becoming very valuable targets. The Naval Group is a cornerstone of France's naval industrial base and is now found at the nexus of this strategic vulnerability.
In addition to providing advanced maritime platforms worldwide to nations like France, France's Nuclear Attack submarines (SSNs) and the Scorpene-class diesel-electric submarines (SSKs) in service with the Indonesian Navy, the company is also a major supplier of advanced military systems. There are also multipurpose French-Italian frigates, the FREMM, which are based in France.
In addition to serving as a technological leader and economic engine, Naval Group also supports tens of thousands of indirect jobs in France since 90% of its added value is generated within the country. The ownership structure of the company further reflects its national significance as well. 62.25 per cent of the company's shareholdings are held by the French state, 35 per cent by Thales, and the rest by its former employees through structured corporate shareholdings.
As strategic autonomy becomes increasingly important in a world where defence is regarded as an important component of economic growth, entities such as Naval Group symbolise more than just the capability to defend oneself; they represent a nation's industrial and strategic sovereignty in an era when strategic autonomy is increasingly emphasised.
In spite of a growing number of high-profile cyber intrusions that target both corporations and governments, the allegations of a breach involving Naval Group are yet another disturbing global trend. Days before, Microsoft disclosed a critical vulnerability in its widely used SharePoint platform, which is believed to have been exploited by Chinese threat actors to gain access to this platform.
Among the affected entities was the U.S. It is the responsibility of the National Nuclear Security Administration to maintain the American nuclear arsenal. This incident did not compromise any classified information, however the growing frequency and ambition of such attacks have raised alarm within international security communities because of the increased frequency and ambition.
With a workforce of more than 15,000 and generating revenue over €4.4 billion annually, Naval Group stands out as one of the world’s leading naval shipbuilders in an increasingly volatile threat landscape. It is an essential industrial asset for the government as a whole. Almost two-thirds of the company is controlled by the French government (holding nearly two-thirds of the equity), and the remainder is controlled by Thales, one of the leading defence conglomerates in the country.
It is not only the incident that has raised concerns about cyber-vulnerabilities within critical infrastructure, but it also emphasises the importance of coordinating resilient strategies across global defence supply chains to reduce the risk of a cyber attack. This incident involving Naval Group happens to fall at a critical moment in the global cybersecurity landscape, as the digital battlefield has become as important as traditional combat zones in terms of importance.
Despite the fact that governments and private companies invest billions in safeguarding technological superiority, the threat of real or perceived exposure of sensitive defence assets is amplifying strategic fears. The reputational and diplomatic fallout for France might be substantial, especially if defence partners start questioning the ability of collaborative programs to survive.
A key concern about the breach is that it has the potential to have a ripple effect: it strikes at the intersection of national security, industrial sovereignty, and global defence cooperation. As a consequence of Naval Group's integral role in multinational defence programs, any compromise could negatively impact not only France but also all of the nations which rely on its software frameworks and platforms.
It is becoming increasingly clear that in an era dominated by digitally enabled espionage, where classified data can be weaponised both for disruption and to provide intelligence, the protection of defence research and development is no longer a siloed responsibility, but rather a shared imperative across allies and defence ecosystems.
Aside from that, this breach serves as a stark reminder that cyber intrusions don't necessarily show up in the form of ransomware or defacing websites. There were motives underlying the leak in this case that were geopolitical manoeuvres, competitive sabotage, or intelligence collection, based on the absence of financial extortion and the precision of the leak. Therefore, the Naval Group episode should serve as a call to action for the broader defence community, emphasising the urgent need for robust, coordinated cybersecurity defences, cross-border intelligence sharing, and a renewed commitment to both legacy systems and new defence technologies that are being developed.
The Naval Group breach, which occurred in a high-stakes theatre of modern security where digital compromises could undermine years of strategic advantage, goes way beyond just an isolated incident in a theatre with high stakes. It represents not only the vulnerability of defence digitisation and the fragility of strategic partnerships, but also the persistent threats posed by adversaries operating in the shadows that exist today.
In an announcement published by Ahold Delhaize, a leading global food retailer, the company confirmed that a significant data breach has compromised the personal information of over 2.2 million people across several countries.
With nearly 10,000 stores located across Europe, the United States, and Indonesia, the company serves more than 60 million customers every week from all over the world, employing approximately 400,000 people. The office of the Maine Attorney General received a formal disclosure from Ahold Delhaize USA on Thursday, which stated that 2,242,521 individuals had been affected by a cybersecurity incident but did not disclose the extent of the breach to date.
According to preliminary indications, the breach may have affected a wide range of sensitive personal information aside from usernames and passwords. Information that is potentially compromised may include the full name, residential address, date of birth, identification numbers issued by the government, financial account information, and even protected health information.
Clearly, the scale and nature of this incident demonstrate that large multinational retailers are faced with a growing number of risks and that there is a need for improved cybersecurity measures to be taken in the retail industry. There was a cyber incident in late 2024 that was officially acknowledged by Ahold Delhaize USA last week. Ahold Delhaize USA has acknowledged this incident, revealing that the personal data of more than 2.2 million individuals may have been compromised as a result.
According to an official FAQ, based on current findings, the company does not believe that the intrusion affected its payment processing systems or pharmacy infrastructure, which are critical areas often targeted by high-impact cyberattacks. As further support for the disclosure, documentation submitted to the Maine Attorney General's Office indicated that approximately 100,000 Maine residents were affected by the breach as a whole.
As Ahold Delhaize USA operates multiple supermarket chains under the Hannaford brand in this region, this state-specific detail has particular significance, especially since the Hannaford brand is one of the most prominent supermarket brands in the region. It is not known yet how much or what type of data was exposed by the company, however, the widespread scope of the incident raises significant concerns about the potential misuse of personal information and the implications that could have on many individuals across multiple states.
As far as cyberattacks targeting Ahold Delhaize USA are concerned, this incident can be attributed to a broader pattern of rising threats within the grocery distribution and food industry in general. On November 8, 2024, the parent company of the retailer publicly acknowledged the security breach, and later in April 2025, the company's parent company confirmed that the attackers had accessed sensitive data related to individuals in the Netherlands, where the company is headquartered.
It was imperative that Ahold Delhaize USA temporarily disable portions of its internal systems during the initial stage of the incident as a precautionary measure. In addition to maintaining a significant global footprint, Ahold Delhaize operates more than 9,400 stores in Europe, the United States, and Indonesia. It is a leading multinational retailer and wholesale conglomerate with more than 9,000 stores worldwide.
It serves approximately 60 million consumers every week both physically and digitally through its network of more than 393,000 employees. By the year 2024, the company will report annual net sales of more than $104 billion, driven by a diverse portfolio of well-known retail brands that are part of a broad range of well-known retail brands. As an example of these, in the United States, users will find Food Lion, Stop and Shop, Giant Food, and Hannaford, while in Europe, it is represented by Delhaize, Maxi, Mega Image, Albert, Bol, Alfa Beta, Gall & Gall, and Profi among a variety of banners.
In November 2024, the company first announced its breach, stating that certain U.S.-based brands and operations, including pharmacy operations and segments of its e-commerce infrastructure, had been compromised as a result of the breach. According to a formal filing filed with the Maine Attorney General's Office on Thursday, cyberattackers gained unauthorized access to Ahold Delhaize USA’s internal business systems on November 6, 2024, and this resulted in sensitive data belonging to 2,242,521 individuals being compromised.
Although the company has not yet confirmed whether customer information was among the stolen data, it has confirmed that internal employment records were also stolen as part of the theft. Ahold Delhaize USA and its affiliated companies may have collected and stored personal information about current and former employees, raising concerns about the possibility of misuse of personal identifying information as well as employment information, among other things.
It is evident from the scale of this breach that large, interconnected retail networks face increasingly dangerous vulnerabilities, which underscores the need to enforce robust cybersecurity practices at all levels of an organisation. It has been discovered through further investigation into the breach that the compromised files might have contained very sensitive personal information in a wide variety of forms.
Ahold Delhaize USA Services has made it clear that the data could be potentially exposed includes the full names of individuals, their contact information (such as postal addresses, telephone numbers, and email addresses) along with their dates of birth and numerous forms of government-issued identification number, such as Social Security numbers, passport numbers, or driver’s license numbers.
The company also reported that, besides information about financial accounts, such as bank account numbers and medical information, which can be contained within employment files, there was also potentially confidential information concerning workers' compensation records and medical records. An unauthorised party has been able to gain access to employment-related records related to current and former employees.
After receiving a formal notification from the Attorneys General of California, Maine, and Montana regarding the breach on June 26, 2025, the company began sending notification emails to those affected by the breach. Ahold Delhaize USA Services has stated that those individuals who receive confirmation that their personal information has been compromised may be eligible for compensation under this policy.
Whenever such a data breach occurs, the effects can be far-reaching, as sensitive personal data may be used for identity theft, financial fraud, or malicious activities. It is widely understood by security experts that companies that collect and store sensitive information are bound by legal and ethical obligations to protect that information from unauthorised access. There is a possibility that affected individuals may be able to sue for damages that result from the misuse or exposure of their personal information when proper safeguards are not observed.
In light of the increasing frequency of these breaches, the importance of strengthening corporate data protection frameworks and swiftly addressing incidents is increasing. An organisation known as Inc Ransom, formerly linked with sophisticated ransomware campaigns, claimed responsibility for the cyberattack. It has been found that the group has participated in the cyberattack, raising further concerns about the methods used and the possibility that the stolen data may be exploited in the future.
There has been another cyberattack which has recently struck United Natural Foods, Inc., which coincided with the timing of Ahold Delhaize USA's complete disclosure of the exposure of personal information. In the wake of this breach, UNFI, a major grocery distributor in the United States, was forced to temporarily shut down several online systems, disrupting the fulfilment process and causing delays in delivering groceries to retailers.
After containing the incident, UNFI has also restored its electronic ordering and invoicing capabilities. These back-to-back breaches highlight the growing cybersecurity vulnerabilities in the retail sector and the supply chain sector, making it increasingly important for companies to develop coordinated defensive strategies to protect sensitive consumer and business data, both of which are in urgent need.