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Email Scams v/s Phishing: Here's All You Need to Know

 

Becoming a victim of any crime can be emotionally distressing, financially burdensome, and socially humiliating. While some scams are easily recognizable, others are cleverly disguised, making it difficult to detect that you are being exploited. Scams exist in various aspects of life, encompassing business, taxation, and even identity theft, all driven by fraudulent intentions to take advantage of individuals. The primary motive behind these scams appears to be financial gain. 

Email scams and text scams have become abundant, especially with the widespread use of cell phones in recent times. It is evident that every single one of these scams falls under the category of phishing schemes. 

Phishing tactics are intended to fool you into submitting personal information that the cybercriminal will then use to get access to your financial accounts, steal your identity, download malware, or otherwise cause havoc. These schemes appear and sound like valid requests from legitimate sources, making it difficult to identify them as harmful.

Messages from a credible source urging you to reset your password, a supervisor or colleague asking you to help them out by sending them money, or a merchant offering a fantastic bargain on an item you want are all examples of email phishing. Some fraudsters have grown inventive, sending scary messages that appear to be from a tax collection agency, such as the IRS, with a deadline.

Email is an efficient method for phishing techniques to be exploited, but it is not the only location where they may be found. SMS phishing is currently used by scammers to deceive you into clicking over to a website or form in order to acquire information. Because it is more difficult to determine whether a text message is real than an email message, many individuals get duped in this manner.

Social networking platforms can also be used to spread phishing schemes. They appear to be fantastic deals and offers for cool new goods or services in your neighborhood. If you click the ad, you might be taken to a very professional-looking website. However, once your contact information is disclosed, your identity is jeopardized.

One of the greatest methods to prevent being a victim of an email or phishing scam is to avoid clicking on links or responding to communications from people you don't know. Check the sender's email address to ensure it is real. It never hurts to double-check because professional scammers will establish email addresses that look identical to legitimate ones.

Instead of clicking on a social network link to learn more about a new product, conduct a search on a trusted online shop such as Amazon, Newegg, or Walmart. If the product is decent, it will most likely be sold through legitimate channels.

Similarly, if you read about a company's sale or new subscription opportunity, go to the company's website first before committing to buy. The same deal will very certainly be offered there as well, so you may still take advantage of it.

Because phishing and email schemes are classified as malware, most antivirus programs contain anti-phishing capabilities or enhanced email security. You may enable Bitdefender's capabilities within your email program, whether it's a Google or Outlook account. This will help prevent scam communications from reaching your inbox.

The same can be said with text message fraud. Anti-phishing capabilities in Android antivirus apps reduce the number of SMS-based schemes. Mobile antivirus, like desktop antivirus, will block malware and sites with risks on them, ensuring that your device is not infected with malware and that you are not duped into providing sensitive information to an unknown solicitor.

If you open on a faulty link, the finest antivirus software will prevent you from reaching a harmful page. Furthermore, antivirus software will stop any dangerous file connected to a faulty link, preventing your machine from becoming infected with a bot, worm, or ransomware.

Police Blocked 20K+ Mobile Numbers Issued on Fake Papers

 

In accordance with a police officer, Haryana Police's cyber nodal unit has blocked 20,545 mobile phones issued on fraudulent and counterfeit paperwork. According to a Haryana police spokesman, the majority of the blocked SIM cards were issued in Andhra Pradesh, with West Bengal and Delhi following closely behind. 

Similarly, the police have detected and reported on the portal more than 34,000 cellphone numbers involved in cyber fraud operating across the state, including 40 hotspot villages in Nuh district. 

“At the same time, the remaining 14,000 mobile numbers involved in cyber fraud will also be blocked soon through the Department of Telecom, Government of India,” the police officials said.

A police official told reporters today that the state crime division is currently monitoring all mobile numbers implicated in cybercrime and is collecting reports from districts on a daily basis. He stated that 102 teams of 5000 Haryana Police officers recently stormed 14 cybercrime hotspot villages in the Nuh district.

“For this reason, at present, Haryana is at the top position in blocking mobile numbers used in cyber fraud. At present more attention is being given to such areas and villages from where cyber fraud incidents are being carried out. Recently, 102 teams of 5000 policemen of Haryana Police raided 14 cybercrime hotspots villages in Nuh district,” he added.

He further stated that Andhra Pradesh has issued the most cellphone numbers implicated in cybercrime, and that they are being used to commit cybercrime in the state.

“Currently, out of the total identified mobile numbers issued on Fake ID, a maximum of 12,822 mobile numbers have been issued from Andhra Pradesh, 4365 from West Bengal, 4338 from Delhi, 2322 from Assam, 2261 from North East states and 2490 from Haryana state. All the numbers are currently operating from different areas of Haryana and the same has been intimated to the Department of Telecom to block them,” he added.

OP Singh, Chief of the State Crime Branch and Additional Director General of Police, stated that the state crime branch, as the state nodal agency for cybercrime, has a team of 40 highly skilled cyber police personnel who have been deployed at helpline 1930 to quickly register reported incidents and collect relevant data.

Concerns Over NHS Data Privacy After a 'Stalker' Doctor Shared a Woman's Private Details

 

The anonymity of NHS medical records has been called into question after a "stalker" hospital doctor obtained and communicated very sensitive information about a lady who had begun dating her ex-boyfriend regardless the fact that he wasn't involved in her care. The victim was left in "fear, shock, and horror" after learning that the doctor had exploited her hospital's medical records system to look at the woman's GP records and read - and share - private data about her and her children accessible only to a few others. 

“I felt violated when I learned that this woman, who I didn’t know, had managed to access on a number of occasions details of my life that I had shared with my GP and only my family and very closest friends. It was about something sensitive involving myself and my children, about a family tragedy,” the woman said.

The case has spurred worries that any doctor in England could misuse their privileged access to confidential medical records for purposes other than clinical.

Sam Smith, of the health data privacy group MedConfidential, said: “This is an utterly appalling case. It’s an individual problem that the doctor did this. But it’s a systemic problem that they could do it, and that flaws in the way the NHS’s data management systems work meant that any doctor can do something like this to any patient. If you’re registered with the NHS in England, this could happen to you.”

The victim and the doctor,  consultant at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, have not been named by the Guardian. The woman was originally perplexed as to how the doctor had obtained very intimate information about her, her sister, and her children, which the doctor then passed to her ex-boyfriend in the early stages of his new connection with the woman last July.

“The doctor said that she had got it from friends, or from people in her choir or parents at my children’s school. That left my sister and I wondering if some of our close friends had betrayed us as we knew that only a few people knew those details. She had an unhealthy interest in us.”

The mystery was answered when Addenbrooke's provided the woman with a full audit of all its staff members who had exposure to her medical information at her request. It was discovered that the doctor viewed her medical information seven times between August and September of last year. The clinician first accessed Epic, Addenbrooke's own hospital medical records system, three times.

She then navigated to a different records system known as GP Connect, which contained comprehensive notes of conversations her former partner's new girlfriend had with her GP regarding the tragic impact of the accident and the well-being of one of her children.

On one occasion, the doctor, whom the woman had never seen, called the victim, asked her name, provided it, and then hung up. The victim felt it was a planned effort by the doctor to demonstrate that she had obtained personal information about her

Addenbrooke's first disputed that its employees could access GP Connect via Epic. However, after a meeting with the victim, its deputy medical director, Dr. John Firth, acknowledged that her full GP records were available. Michelle Ellerbeck, the company's head of information governance, later emailed the woman to thank her for demonstrating that it was possible in case "this inquiry ever comes up again."

Dr. Nicola Byrne, the NHS national data protector for England, offers advice on how to keep patients' information safe and how to utilize it correctly. She stated that she was "concerned about the seriousness of the allegations" when the patient wrote to her about the inappropriate intrusion into her medical history.

Byrne identified the doctor's actions as "absolutely unacceptable" and attempted to comfort patients who may be concerned about the incident by emphasizing that it was the first time she had heard of a medic violating rules governing the secure handling of a patient's medical records in order to gather information about them. She did, however, left open the possibility that others were doing the same.

Verified Facebook Accounts Being Hijacked to Distribute Malware; Here's How You Can Protect Yourself

 

Hackers have been caught getting into popular verified Facebook pages and using them to distribute malware through adverts on the social media behemoth. Matt Navarra, a social strategist, was the first to notice the harmful effort, exposing the danger on Twitter. 

According to Navarra, whoever is behind the campaign targeted popular Facebook sites first (one of the victims has over seven million followers and has been active for over a decade). If they gained access, they would rename the page something like Meta (Facebook's parent company) or Google. They would then buy an ad on the social media network, targeting page managers and advertising specialists.

“Because of security issues for upcoming users, you can no longer manage ad accounts in the browser,” the ad reads. “Switch to a more professional and secure tool,” the ad concludes, before sharing an obviously fraudulent download link.

There are several issues with this campaign, according to Navarra, including how the accounts were compromised, how Facebook enabled the threat actors to change the page's name to something seemingly related to Meta while keeping the blue checkmark, and how they were able to buy and run ads that clearly redirect the target audience to a shady website at best. 

According to TechCrunch, Facebook has since disabled all of the affected accounts and shut down the malicious activities. It also stated that Facebook pages now disclose whether or not the page has changed its name in the past, and if so, from what, which is a nice move to increase openness. 

“We invest significant resources into detecting and preventing scams and hacks,” a Meta spokesperson told TechCrunch. “While many of the improvements we’ve made are difficult to see – because they minimize people from having issues in the first place – scammers are always trying to get around our security measures.”

Is Your Child in Actual Danger? Wary of Family Emergency Voice-Cloning Frauds

 

If you receive an unusual phone call from a family member in trouble, be cautious: the other person on the line could be a scammer impersonating a family member using AI voice technologies. The Federal Trade Commission has issued a warning about fraudsters using commercially available voice-cloning software for family emergency scams. 

These scams have been around for a long time, and they involve the perpetrator impersonating a family member, usually a child or grandchild. The fraudster will then call the victim and claim that they are in desperate need of money to deal with an emergency. According to the FTC, artificial intelligence-powered voice-cloning software can make the impersonation scam appear even more authentic, duping victims into handing over their money.

All he (the scammer) needs is a short audio clip of your family member's voice—which he could get from content posted online—and a voice-cloning program. When the scammer calls you, he’ll sound just like your loved one,” the FTC says in the Monday warning.

The FTC did not immediately respond to a request for comment, leaving it unclear whether the US regulator has noticed an increase in voice-cloning scams. However, the warning comes just a few weeks after The Washington Post detailed how scammers are using voice-cloning software to prey on unsuspecting families.

In one case, the scammer impersonated a Canadian couple's grandson, who claimed to be in jail, using the technology. In another case, the fraudsters used voice-cloning technology to successfully steal $15,449 from a couple who were also duped into believing their son had been arrested.

The fact that voice-cloning services are becoming widely available on the internet isn't helping matters. As a result, it's possible that scams will become more prevalent over time, though at least a few AI-powered voice-generation providers are developing safeguards to prevent potential abuse. The FTC says there is an easy way to detect a family emergency scam to keep consumers safe. "Don't believe the voice. Call the person who allegedly contacted you to confirm the story. 

“Don’t trust the voice. Call the person who supposedly contacted you and verify the story. Use a phone number you know is theirs,” the FTC stated. “If you can’t reach your loved one, try to get in touch with them through another family member or their friends.”

Targeted victims should also consider asking the alleged family member in trouble a personal question about which the scammer is unaware.

McAfee Invoice Fraud Email Pretending to be a Subscription Renewal Receipt

 

Readers should beware of clicking links in a McAfee invoice scam email that claims to be a "confirmation receipt" for the subscription renewal of the company's products. This email does not come from McAfee Corp. Email scams that use the names of antivirus and security companies are probably as old as the internet, but this particular one for McAfee apparently tried to combine two different threats into one: malware and phishing. 

Snopes reviewed one of the McAfee invoice scam emails. The subject line read, "Confirmation Receipt ID.6030955553." The following message came from an email address associated with uilsducoach.com, not the official company website mcafee.com:
  • Reassure your McAfee is up to date.
  • Check now as it may have ended.
  • Your subscription of McAfee for your computer may ended soon.
  • After the ending date has passed your computer will become susceptible to many different virus and threats.
  • Your PC might be unprotected, it can be exposed to viruses and other malware...
  • You are eligible for discount: -70%*
A malicious URL scanner scan of the links revealed that the email was "hosting malware" and contained a "phishing link."

The link started on an Amazon Web Services page. Vestingsupper.com was one of the redirects. More information was not available at the time this story was published. McAfee has previously published several articles about these types of scams, including details on what to do if you believe you've been a victim of one.

It's recommended, "if you accidentally enter data in a webpage linked to a suspicious email, perform a full malware scan on your device. Once the scan is complete, backup all of your files and change your passwords. Even if you only provided a phishing scammer with the data from one account, you may have also opened the door to other personal data, so it's important to change all the passwords you use online in the wake of a suspected phishing attack."

Malwarebytes and Norton are two other companies that are recommended for malware scans. If readers provided financial information to scammers, such as a credit card number, we recommend contacting that financial institution right away to notify them of the problem. To ensure that scammers do not use the compromised card in the future, a new credit card with a new number may need to be mailed to you in some cases.

One-fifth of British Folks Have Fallen Victim to Online Fraudsters

 

As per F-Secure, millions of UK adults have been victims of digital scammers in the past, but a quarter has no security controls in place to safeguard their online activity. As part of a global Living Secure study into cybersecurity awareness and behavior, the Finnish security vendor polled 1000 Britons. 

It discovered that 19%, or approximately 12.6 million British citizens, had previously been duped by online fraud such as a phishing attack. According to F-Secure, the consequences of these incidents ranged from identity theft to data and password loss and even the theft of life savings. 

Despite spending an average of eight hours per day on the internet, a significant minority still do not protect themselves online, based on a report. One reason could be that many people are scared of the prospect: 60% of respondents said cybersecurity is too complicated.

The report also emphasized a disparity in respondents' attitudes and awareness. While more than three-quarters (77%) said they could spot a scam, nearly two-thirds said they are concerned about their own and their families' online safety, and half (48%) said they have no idea if their devices are secure or not.

According to the FBI, phishing was the most common type of cybercrime in 2021, with identity theft, romance fraud, tech support scams, and investment fraud also ranking among the top ten.

“Our research has highlighted a clear disconnect between what we do online and how vulnerable we feel online, versus the concrete actions we take to reduce that vulnerability,” argued F-Secure CEO, Timo Laaksonen.

“Despite many Britons often feeling unsafe online they still aren’t putting adequate security measures in place. In the physical world you wouldn’t willingly give out passwords and personal data to strangers, so why go online and do it, and risk being a target for online criminals?”

According to the same report, investment and romance fraud cost cybercriminals a total of $2.4 billion that year. The conclusions of the F-Secure report appear to indicate a risk for businesses if employees exhibit the same low levels of security awareness in the workplace as they do at home.

Ex Uber Employee Made 388 Fake Driver Profiles, Duped Company of Rs 1.17 Crore


Ex Employee dupes Uber of Rs 1.17 Crore

A former Uber employee has been charged for duping the company of Rs. 1.17 crore by making 388 fake driver profiles and putting them on the company's server. The money was then transferred to only 18 bank accounts linked with these fake profiles. The accused was working with the company till December 2021 as a contractor. Uber's authorized signatory lodged the complaint in April last year. The accused's job was to look over driver payments and update the information of the authorized drivers in the company's spreadsheet so that the money could be transferred to the respective accounts.

FIR registered

Uber during its inquiry, discovered that out of the 388 fake driver profiles, 191 profiles were made using the same IP addresses associated with the accused man's system. 

"To avoid inconveniencing driver partners, a spreadsheet is automatically uploaded regularly. A large number of transactions were processed by this automated spreadsheet and the accused was responsible for updating the details of the driver-partner accounts to be paid," Uber said in the complaint. The man created and made various fake driver partners’ accounts in the spreadsheet.

According to the police, the accused has been booked under sections 408 (criminal breach of trust by a servant), 420 (cheating), 477-A (falsification of accounts), and 120-B (criminal conspiracy) of the IPC. 

The Uber complaint further read "191 cases out of 388 cases matched with the IP addresses used by Viney Gera to log into his work computer on the same day as the creation of the accounts. In the above manner, a total amount of Rs 1,17,03,033 has been fraudulently paid to these fake driver partners into only 18 bank accounts."

PTI quotes Inspector Deepak Kumar, SHO, Sushant Lok Police Station said "we are investigating the matter and the accused will be arrested as soon as possible," PTI reports.  

Handling of driver partner payments

An Indian Express report explained how Uber handles driver payments when their accounts show a negative balance. A negative balance in an Uber driver's account means payment is overdue. This is removed when the driver pays the amount to the company. After this, a positive payment is credited to the partner's account, and the details of the transaction are updated in a spreadsheet. 

The data (company spreadsheet) is then "uploaded to an Uber Payment Tool through an automated python script." The upload adds a positive balance to the driver partner's account to remove arrears that allow the driver to drive again. 


Synthetic Identity Fraud: What Is It?

Frankenstein ID, the use of fake identities by scammers, has become prevalent over the last 12 to 18 months, with US financial institutions (FIs) reporting losses of $20 billion in 2021 as compared to $6 billion in 2016.

Synthetic Identity Fraud: What Is It? 

When a Social Security number is stolen, synthetic identity fraud occurs. Hackers then use it in conjunction with bits of accurate personal data obtained from various sources or entirely false information to build an identity in order to commit theft.

Synthetic identity theft is unknown, thus allowing fraudsters to carry out their crimes undetected. Researchers discovered that two out of every three American adults were extremely unaware of fake identity theft.

What is the Frequency of Child Identity Theft and Fraud?

In contrast to adults, stealing the identities of minors gives hackers a wider window to utilize the credentials since the majority of victims who had their identities taken as children do not become aware of the fraud until they are adults. Social media, personal health information, and school forms pose the greatest threats to data theft involving minors, which is a concern for nearly two-thirds of adults. 

SSNs can be found by hackers in different spots, like your email account or the database of your chosen merchant. Even student data is stolen and published on the dark web by ransomware groups. Hackers take SSNs to commit synthetic ID theft. As they are more likely to belong to minors, they favor numbers that were granted within the last 18 years. Children generally wait until they are 18 to apply for loans or credit, giving criminals ten or even fifteen years to cause havoc before anyone takes notice.

A hacker will start seeking credit online if they have a social security number. Users, then, simply build a credit history just by seeking credit. A creditor will eventually grant them a $500 or perhaps $1,000 credit line. A breakout occurs once hackers have access to $10,000 to $15,000 in credit. After a final flurry of charges, the attackers fade. 

86 % of parents do not check their kids' credit, so hackers can ruin it for years. Due to this, synthetic identity has severe repercussions that frequently prevent its young victims from beginning their adult lives. The fact that children lack control over their credit or financial information makes them vulnerable as well.


Report: Crypto Crime Hits Record $20 Billion in 2022

 

The unlawful use of cryptocurrencies reached a new high of $20.1 billion last year, as transactions involving companies sanctioned by the United States skyrocketed, as per data from blockchain analytics firm Chainalysis released on Thursday.

In 2022, the cryptocurrency market lost momentum as risk appetite started to wane and various crypto firms went bankrupt. Investors suffered significant losses, and regulators increased calls for greater consumer protection. 

Despite a drop in overall crypto transaction volumes, the value of unlawful crypto transactions increased for the second year in a row, according to Chainalysis. As per Chainalysis, transactions linked with sanctioned entities increased more than 100,000-fold in 2022 and accounted for 44% of illicit activity last year. 

Funds received by Garantex, a Russian exchange sanctioned by the US Treasury Department in April, accounted for "much of 2022's illicit volume," according to Chainalysis, adding that the majority of that activity is "likely Russian users using a Russian exchange." 

According to a Chainalysis spokesperson, wallets are labelled as "illicit" if they are not part of a sanctioned entity.

Garantex did not respond immediately to an emailed request for comment.

Last year, the US also sanctioned cryptocurrency mixing services Blender and Tornado Cash, alleging that they were being used by hackers, including those from North Korea, to launder billions of dollars in cybercrime proceeds.
 
The volume of stolen crypto funds increased by 7% last year, but volumes of other illicit crypto transactions, such as those related to scams, ransomware, terrorism financing, and human trafficking, decreased.

"The market downturn may be one reason for this. We've found in the past that crypto scams, for instance, take in less revenue during bear markets," Chainalysis said.

Chainalysis stated that its $20.1 billion estimate only encompasses blockchain activity and excludes "off-chain" crime such as fraudulent accounting by crypto firms.

According to Chainalysis, the figure also excludes instances where cryptocurrencies are the proceeds of non-crypto-related crimes, such as when cryptocurrency is used as a means of payment in drug trafficking.

"We have to stress that this is a lower bound estimate - our measure of illicit transaction volume is sure to grow over time," the report said, noting that the figure for 2021 was revised to $18 billion from $14 billion as more scams were discovered.





Pig Butchering Scam: Here's Everything you Need to Know

 

Criminals make billions of dollars via digital tricks including romance scams and business email hacks. And they always begin with a small amount of "social engineering" to deceive a victim into taking an unfavourable action, like transferring money into thin air or placing their faith in someone they shouldn't. These days, a new form of these schemes known as "pig butchering" is on the rise, entangling unwary victims to take all of their money and functioning on a big scale in large part due to forced labour. 

Due to a technique where attackers effectively fatten victims up and then take everything they have, pig butchering scams began in China, where they are known by the Chinese name shzhpán. The majority of these schemes use cryptocurrencies, however they can also incorporate other forms of financial trading.

Scammers use SMS texting or other social networking, dating, and communication platforms to make cold calls to potential victims. They frequently just greet you and say something like, "Hey Josh, it was great catching up last week!" The scammer takes advantage of the opportunity to start a discussion and lead the victim to believe they have a new friend if the recipient responds by saying that the attacker has the wrong number. After building a connection, the assailant will mention that they have been successful in investing in cryptocurrencies and urge the target to do the same while they still have the chance.

The scammer then installs a malicious app or web platform on the target that appears trustworthy and may even impersonate the platforms of legitimate financial institutions. Once inside the portal, victims are frequently presented with curated real-time market data designed to demonstrate the investment's potential. And, once the target has funded their "investment account," they can begin to watch their balance "grow." The creation of malicious financial platforms that appear legitimate and refined is a hallmark of pig butchering scams, as are other touches that add verisimilitude, such as allowing victims to make a video call with their new "friend" or withdraw a small amount of money from the platform to reassure them. The latter is a strategy used by scammers in traditional settings.

The swindle has some new twists, but you can see where it's going. The attackers close the account and disappear once the victim has deposited all of their money and everything the scammers can get them to borrow.

“That’s the whole pig butchering thing—they are going for the whole hog,” says Sean Gallagher, a senior threat researcher at the security firm Sophos who has been tracking pig butchering as it has emerged over the past three years. “They go after people who are vulnerable. Some of the victims are people who have had long-term health problems, who are older, people who feel isolated. They want to get every last bit of oink, and they are persistent.” 

Though carrying out pig butchering scams requires a significant amount of communication and relationship building with victims over time, researchers claim that crime syndicates in China developed scripts and playbooks that allowed them to offload the work at scale onto inexperienced scammers or even forced laborer's who are victims of human trafficking.

“We can already see the damage and the human cost both to scam victims and to forced laborers,” says Michael Roberts, a longtime digital forensic analyst who has been working with victims of pig butchering attacks. “That’s why we need to start educating people about this threat so we can disrupt the cycle and reduce the demand for these kidnappings and forced labor.”

The idea is similar to ransomware attacks and digital extortion, in which law enforcement encourages victims not to pay hackers' ransom demands in order to disincentive them from trying again.

Although the Chinese government began cracking down on cryptocurrency scams in 2021, criminals were able to relocate their pig butchering operations to Southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Governments all over the world have been warning about the threat. The FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center received over 4,300 submissions related to pig butchering scams in 2021, totaling $429 million in losses. In addition, the US Department of Justice announced at the end of November that it had seized seven domain names used in pig butchering scams in 2022.

“In this scheme, fraudsters, posing as highly successful traders in cryptocurrency, entice victims to make purported investments in cryptocurrency providing fictitious returns to encourage additional investments,” the FBI stated in an October alert.

Government officials and researchers emphasize the importance of public education in preventing people from becoming victims of pig butchering schemes. People are less likely to be taken in if they recognize the warning signs and understand the concepts underlying the scams. The challenge, they say, is reaching out to a larger audience and convincing people who learn about pig butchering to share their knowledge with others in their families and social circles.

According to researchers, pig butchering scams, like romance scams and other highly personal and exploitative attacks, take an enormous psychological toll on victims in addition to their financial toll. And the use of forced labor to carry out pig butchering schemes adds another layer of trauma to the situation, making it even more crucial to address the threat.

“Some of the stories you hear from victims—it eats you up,” says Ronnie Tokazowski, a longtime business email compromise and pig butchering researcher and principal threat advisor at the cybersecurity firm Cofense. “It eats you up really freaking bad.”

LastPass: Hackers Stole Customers’ Password Vaults, Breach Worse Than Initially Thought

 

This past August witnessed a breach at LastPass, one of the most well-known password manager services available. The harm caused by the unidentified hackers is significantly worse than was initially believed, according to the company. Passwords should be changed immediately by users. LastPass stated that "only" the company's source code and confidential information were compromised in the initial report on the data breach event that was detected in August. 

Passwords and user information remained clean and secure. The hostile actors were able to access some users' data as well, according to a subsequent security notification on the same issue. The hat in black According to LastPass, hackers were able to access the cloud storage and decrypt the dual storage container keys. 

By copying a backup that contained "basic customer account data and related metadata including company names, end-user names, billing addresses, email addresses, telephone numbers, and the IP addresses from which customers were accessing the LastPass service," they were able to further undermine the platform's security.

The encrypted storage container, which holds customer vault data in a proprietary binary format, also allowed the cybercriminals to replicate a backup of that data. The container contains both encrypted and unencrypted information, including sensitive areas like online usernames and passwords, secure notes, and data entered into forms.

According to LastPass, hackers were able to access the cloud storage and decrypt the dual storage container keys. By copying a backup that contained "basic customer account data and related metadata including company names, end-user names, billing addresses, email addresses, telephone numbers, and the IP addresses from which customers were accessing the LastPass service," they were able to further undermine the platform's security.

The encrypted storage container, which holds customer vault data in a proprietary binary format, also allowed the cybercriminals to replicate a backup of that data. The container contains both encrypted and unencrypted information, including sensitive areas like online usernames and passwords, secure notes, and data entered into forms.

Since they were created using a 256-bit AES-based encryption algorithm and "can only be decrypted with a unique encryption key derived from each user's master password using our Zero Knowledge architecture," the encrypted fields "remain secure," according to LastPass, even when in the hands of cybercriminals. Zero Knowledge signifies that LastPass is unaware of the master password required to unlock the data, and that the decryption process itself is always carried out locally, never online.

LastPass partially stores credit card information in a different cloud environment. Furthermore, there are currently no signs that such data has been accessed. All things considered, LastPass is attempting to convey the idea that users' encrypted data should still be protected in spite of the extensive breach of the company's technology.

However, that doesn't mean there aren't any risks or dangers associated with the breach. Despite the fact that the firm routinely tests "the newest password cracking tools against our algorithms to maintain pace with and improve upon our cryptographic controls," LastPass claims that a determined hostile actor might attempt to brute-force the encrypted passwords.

Additional dangers could be associated with phishing or brute-force attacks against online accounts linked to users' LastPass vaults. LastPass stated that they would never contact a user by phone, email, or text and ask them to click on a link to confirm their personal information. They also won't inquire for a vault's master password. Users of the online password manager are urged to update both their master password and every password kept in the vault as a last line of defense.

How to Prevent Corporate Login Credential Theft?

 

Expenditure on enterprise cybersecurity is growing rapidly. According to the most recent estimates, the average figure for 2021 will be more than $5 million. Despite this, US organizations reported a record number of data breaches in the same year. 

So, what's the problem? Static passwords, user errors, and phishing attacks continue to undermine security efforts. Threat actors benefit greatly from easy access to credentials. And user training alone will not be enough to restore the balance. A strong credential management strategy is also required, with multiple layers of protection to ensure credentials do not fall into the wrong hands.

During the first half of this year, nearly half of all reported breaches involved stolen credentials. Once obtained, these credentials allow threat actors to disguise themselves as legitimate users in order to deploy malware or ransomware or move laterally through corporate networks. Extortion, data theft, intelligence gathering, and business email compromise (BEC) can all be carried out by attackers, with potentially huge financial and reputational consequences. Breaches caused by stolen or compromised credentials cost an average of $4.5 million in 2021, and they are more difficult to detect and contain (327 days).

It may come as no surprise that the cybercrime underground is rife with stolen credentials. In fact, 24 billion were in circulation in 2021, a 65% increase over 2020. Poor password management is one factor.  Since password reuse is common, these credential hauls can be fed into automated software to unlock additional accounts across the web, a technique known as credential stuffing. They are quickly put to use once they are in the hands of hackers. 

As per one study, cybercriminals gained access to almost a quarter (23%) of accounts immediately after the compromise, most likely through automated tools designed to quickly validate the credibility of the stolen credential.

Phishing is a particularly serious enterprise threat that is becoming more sophisticated. Unlike the error-ridden spam of yesteryear, some efforts appear so genuine that even a seasoned pro would have difficulty detecting them. Corporate logos and typefaces are accurately reproduced. Domains may use typosquatting to appear identical to legitimate domains at first glance.

They may even use internationalized domain names (IDNs) to imitate legitimate domains by replacing Roman alphabet letters with lookalikes from non-Latin alphabets. This enables fraudsters to register phishing domains that look exactly like the original.

The same holds true for the phishing pages that cybercriminals direct employees to. These pages are intended to be convincing. URLs will frequently use the same tactics mentioned above, such as letter substitution. They also intend to imitate logos and fonts. These techniques make pages appear to be the "real deal." To trick users, some login pages display fake URL bars that display the real website address. This is why you can't expect employees to know which sites are legitimate and which are attempting to dupe them.

This means that user awareness programs must be updated on a regular basis to account for specific hybrid-working risks as well as constantly changing phishing tactics. Short, bite-sized lessons with real-world simulation exercises are required. Creating a culture in which reporting attempted scams is encouraged is also important.

But be aware that there is no silver bullet, and user education alone will not reliably prevent credential theft. Bad actors only need to be fortunate once. And there are numerous ways for them to contact their victims, including email, social media, and messaging apps. It is unrealistic to expect every user to detect and report these attempts. Education must use technology and solid processes.

Credential management should be approached in layers by organizations. The goal is to reduce the number of sites where users must enter passwords. Single sign-on (SSO) should be implemented by organizations for all reputable necessary work applications and websites. SSO should be supported by all SaaS providers.

In the meantime, a password manager would be useful if there are logins that require different credentials. This also allows employees to determine whether a login page can be trusted, as the password manager will not provide credentials for a site it does not recognize. To secure logins, organizations should also enable multi-factor authentication (MFA).

FIDO2 is also gaining popularity. It will provide a more robust solution than traditional authenticator apps, though those apps will still be superior to text-message codes. Not everything is foolproof, and risky login pages may slip through the cracks. Employees should only be flagged for risky login pages as a last resort. 

This can be accomplished by analyzing threat intelligence metrics, webpage similarities, domain age, and how users arrived at a log in page in real-time. This rating can then be used to either block high-risk login pages or warn users to check again for less-risky ones. Importantly, because this technology only intervenes at the last second, security appears transparent to the user and does not make them feel watched.

A layered approach to credential management, when combined with an architectural approach to security across the entire stack, can help reduce the attack surface and mitigate risk from an entire class of threat.

Carding: What is it and how can you Safeguard Yourself ?

 

Carding has attracted a lot of attention recently, but not everyone understands what it includes. Carding is a type of credit card fraud that occurs when a stolen bank card is used to make purchases. It is a criminal act that affects both consumers and merchants. So, what exactly is carding, how do cybercriminals do it, and what are the risks? 

Carding is the illegal acquisition of goods or services through the use of another person's credit card information. This can be accomplished by stealing someone's credit card information or purchasing stolen financial data on the internet. Cybercriminals target online stores because they can purchase goods like electronics and other high-value items anonymously.

In some cases, criminals may sell or exchange stolen credit card information with others in underground forums. However apart from that, since such transactions are difficult to track, many cybercriminals buy gift cards or other types of prepaid cards. 

Many malicious hackers buy items with stolen cards and then sell them for a lower price for cash, earning money illegally. The main danger of carding is identity theft, as criminals can use stolen credit card information to buy items with someone else's money. If a credit card is used fraudulently and the user is unaware, financial losses or even criminal charges may result. 

Carding is carried out in a variety of ways by lawbreakers. They can use a variety of software tools to scan and find vulnerable websites, as well as brute-force password, cracking. Here are some other popular methods of carding used by cybercriminals:

  • Phishing: One of the most common methods is "phishing," in which criminals send emails or messages posing as legitimate companies and requesting credit card information.
  • Skimming: Skimmers, which are devices attached to ATMs and card readers, can also be used by criminals. Without the user's knowledge, the device collects credit card information.
  • PoS Malware: PoS malware is a type of malicious software that is designed to steal credit card information from retail stores and restaurants. This is a more advanced method of carding because it necessitates specialised knowledge and resources.
  • Zero-day vulnerabilities: Some criminals also use zero-day vulnerabilities, which are security flaws in software applications and operating systems that vendors have not yet discovered. To gain access to private data stored in databases, zero-day vulnerabilities can be exploited.
What is the process of carding?

Carding is usually implemented in the following steps.

Step 1: Card information has been stolen.
The first step in carding is to obtain credit card information. This can be accomplished through one of the aforementioned methods, such as phishing, skimming, and so on.

Step 2: Card information is validated.
Once the credit card information has been obtained, it must be verified to ensure that it is valid. Criminals typically carry out this step by making a small purchase on one or more websites and then watching to see if it is successful. It could be as little as $1, for example.

Step 3: Card information is used for purchases.
Criminals are now using substantiated card details to buy products or services from various websites. This enables them to profit by reselling the purchased items for cash (or they might just enjoy the products themselves).

Step 4: The transfer of funds
Finally, criminals transfer their illegally obtained cash using money laundering methods. They might also sell stolen credit card information on underground forums and dark web markets.

How to guard against carding attacks?

The best way to avoid carding is to take preventive measures and be cautious when using or sharing your credit card information.

The most obvious piece of advice is to be cautious with your information. Don't give out your credit card information to anyone, and be especially cautious when providing it online, as criminals may use phishing techniques to gain access to your information. Check your credit card statements on a regular basis to ensure that all transactions are legitimate. If you notice any suspicious activity, contact your bank right away. Use strong passwords for all of your online accounts. This will prevent criminals from accessing your financial information.

How to Prevent Online Credit Card Frauds ?

 

Approximately 80% of Americans shop online. That's more than 263 million people, and the number is expected to grow by 31.2 million by 2025. (via Statista). E-commerce is popular because it is convenient, but the unforeseen result is cybercrime. 

According to a 2020 report by the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), US citizens lost more than $1.8 billion to online skimming and related crimes that year. Shady characters continue to devise inventive methods to steal money from connected accounts by lifting or scraping unsuspecting victims' credit card information. Credit card fraud schemes vary — sometimes fraudsters create spoof websites and phish credit card information from the checkout page, and you will, of course, not receive the items you paid for.

Other times, they may send you text messages or emails claiming you are eligible for a refund for an item or service you never purchased, then demand your credit card information to "credit" you.
According to The Ascent research, approximately 35% of American consumers have been victims of credit card fraudsters. Because the likelihood of falling for these schemes increases with age, we'll share a few tips to help you avoid becoming a statistic. But first, let's go over the fundamentals.

Online credit card skimming:

Skimming is not a recent concept. Physical card skimming began with physical card skimming, which you may have viewed in movies: a scammers attaches a small device known as a skimmer to a card reader at a gas station, ATM, or other point of sale terminal. The skimmer steals unsuspecting customers' credit card information, which the fraudster then recovers and uses to make online purchases.

However, online skimming is not the same. Magecart attacks are a combination of Magento — the Adobe-owned e-commerce platform that was the original target of fraudsters — and cart. This is how it works: Instead of using physical hardware, hackers place malicious Javascript code called sniffers on websites, and those sniffers lift payment card numbers.

Malicious actors could also insert malicious fields into payment forms or create redirect links to steal customers' credit card information. Magecart skimmers typically sell the information they collect on the dark web for as little as $5. (via PCMag).

Magecart malware is difficult to detect on websites. Everything works and looks the same for the most part. However, being cautious can help you detect when something is amiss, such as being redirected to a website that does not appear secure. There are several ways to determine this.

To begin, click on the lock in the address bar to ensure the security of the website. If the lock is not closed, the connection is not secure, and the site may not be genuine. You could also look at the website's copyright date at the bottom. 

To protect visitors from compromise, secure websites frequently update the interface and protocols, ensuring that the copyright is always up-to-date or at least recent. If a website's copyright is out of date, this is a red flag (via Norton). Finally, avoid clicking on links or downloading attachments from text messages or emails. Unfortunately, being cautious will not completely protect you from skimming.

Magecart attackers steal the payment application infrastructure, which is typically provided to e-commerce merchants by third-party service providers, so even completely secure websites may contain skimming malware (via SISA). However, there is a better line of defence.  

As the number of skimming attacks grows, banks and other financial institutions are taking steps to safeguard their customers from fraud, and virtual cards are one of those solutions. They are linked to your credit card, but they can generate one-time use account numbers, security codes, expiration dates, and CVV codes for online transactions while protecting your actual credit card information.

It's also a good idea to use only one credit card for online shopping so that you can keep track of it easily. Also, contact your bank and request that international purchases on your credit card be disabled. The majority of skimming scams are card-not-present (CNP) transactions, which means that the fraudsters will use a compromised card to make a purchase in a location other than the card owner's. The victim could be in Milwaukee and receive strange debit alerts for purchases made in Miami.  

Hackers Construct Fraudulent Websites & Steal Data During 'Black Friday' Sales

 

In accordance with a new report, threat actors are hosting websites for malicious campaigns centered on the Black Friday theme, with e-commerce, cryptocurrency, and travel being the top targets. 

Researchers discovered that cybercrime forums in various languages are buzzing with talk about Black Friday. According to CloudSEK researchers, who also discovered an Ethereum giveaway scam website, while some actors promote their malicious services/campaigns, others seek to use them.

“Compromised personal identifiable information (PII) and banking credentials can be used to perform unauthorized transactions and social engineering attacks,” they warned.

CloudSEK's contextual AI digital risk platform 'XVigil' discovered hundreds of registered and operational Black Friday-themed domains. The impersonation of legitimate websites, services for Google/Facebook ads, and the spread of malicious applications were all common types of attacks.

The discovery revealed that website cloning is a common technique used by hackers of all levels of sophistication to host bogus copies of legitimate websites.

"The iconic Black Friday sale has now become a global theme, with cybercriminals of all levels and expertise attempting to launch malicious campaigns." "The majority of these campaigns misrepresent or impersonate popular brands and companies offering sales and services in order to defraud the public," Desai added.

The researchers cautioned against accepting freebies, attractive deals, or third-party solutions that appear suspicious.

China-Based Sophisticated Phishing Campaign Utilizes 42K Domains

 

In a widespread phishing campaign, a Chinese hacking group known as "Fangxiao" is using thousands of imposter domains to target victims. Thousands are at risk from the Fangxiao phishing campaign. Thousands of people are at risk as a result of a massive phishing campaign run by the Chinese hacking group "Fangxiao." 

To facilitate phishing attacks, this campaign used 42,000 imposter domains. These bogus domains are intended to direct users to adware (advertising malware) apps, giveaways, and dating websites. The 42,000 phony domains used in this campaign were discovered by Cyjax, a cybersecurity and threat solutions company. The scam was described as sophisticated in a Cyjax blog post by Emily Dennison and Alana Witten, with the ability to "exploit the reputation of international, trusted brands in multiple verticals including retail, banking, travel, pharmaceuticals, travel, and energy".

The scam commences with a nefarious WhatsApp message impersonating a well-known brand. Emirates, Coca-Cola, McDonald's, and Unilever are examples of such brands. This message contains a link to a webpage that has been enticingly designed. The redirection site is determined by the target's IP address as well as their user agent.

For example, McDonald's may advertise a free giveaway. When the victim completes their registration for the giveaway, the Triada Trojan malware can be downloaded. Malware can also be installed through the download of a specific app, which victims are instructed to install in order to continue participating in the giveaway.

Fangxiao's infrastructure is mostly protected by CloudFlare, an American Content Delivery Network, according to Cyjax's blog post about this campaign (CDN). It was also discovered that the imposter domains were registered on GoDaddy, Namecheap, and Wix, with their names shifting on a regular basis.

The majority of these phishing domains were registered with.top, with the rest mostly with.cn,.cyou,.xyz,.tech, and.work.

The Fangxiao Group Is Not a New Concept

The Fangxiao hacking collective has been active for some time. The domains used in this campaign were discovered by Cyjax in 2019 and have been increasing in number since then. Fangxiao added over 300 unique domains in just one day in October 2022.

.The group's location in China is not 100% confirmed, but Cyjax has determined it with high confidence. The use of Mandarin in one of the group's exposed control panels is one indication of this. Cyjax also speculated that the campaign's goal is most likely monetary gain.
 
Phishing is one of the most common cybercrime tactics today, and it can take many different forms. Phishing attacks, especially those that are highly sophisticated, can be difficult to detect. Although spam filters and antivirus software can help to reduce phishing attacks, it's still important to trust your instincts and avoid any communications that don't seem quite right.

'Washing Checks' and 'Mailbox Phishing' Emerge as Popular Crimes

 

Fraudsters attempt to steal paper checks from mailboxes, "washing" them with nail polish remover and filling in new amounts and payees, causing victims and their banks, which usually foot the bill, to suffer indefinitely. The black market for "glass" — pilfered checks sold online with the assurance that they will clear at the bank — is becoming more widespread and sophisticated. 

Criminals are diversifying into the sale of stolen account numbers and identity theft, as well as the "arrow keys" used by mail carriers to open multiple boxes. Following the theft of the checks, a large amount of mail, including mail-in voter ballots, is dumped. Thieves either "fish" letters out of the mail slot or rob postal workers of their mail and arrow keys. 

"We see [sellers] offering $1,000 to $7,000 a key, depending on the number of mailboxes in the ZIP code," states David Maimon, a cybercrime expert at Georgia State University who has been tracking the surge.

As per Maimon, personal checks now "go up to $250" apiece, up from $125 to $175 previously this year. Washed business checks can now fetch up to $650, up from $250.
 
"It's gone berserk," says Frank McKenna, a banking fraud consultant who traces the phenomenon back to the pandemic-era surge in stolen stimulus checks and unemployment benefits.

Maimon's Evidence-Based Cybersecurity Research Group has been monitoring 60 black-market communication channels to study the online fraud ecosystem for more than two years. He claims that most illegal activity occurs on Telegram, though how-to videos on check-washing can also be found on YouTube.
 
While California, New York, New Jersey, and Florida are among the most affected, Maimon tells Axios that "we're seeing this spreading to distant states." And the data sold with a check has changed significantly: fraudsters now offer the check-Social writer's Security number as well as account balances obtained from the dark web.

"We're talking about a very sophisticated supply chain at this point. It's just mind-boggling how things have evolved."The United States Postal Service has placed warning signs on blue mailboxes, advising people to use online bill pay or bring their letters to a post office," he further added.

Because checks written in indelible ink cannot be washed, gel pens are marketed as "fraud prevention." Congress recently held a hearing on "rampant" mail theft, the scope of which is unknown. Banks are staffing up in check processing to combat fraud while blaming staffing cuts at the US Postal Inspection Service, the USPS' law enforcement arm.

"Check fraud has become so widespread due to brazen criminality and mail theft that many banks are struggling to collect on bad checks from other banks," the American Banker reports." Though fraud losses are skyrocketing at all banks, small banks appear to be bearing the brunt of check fraud," the news site said. 

"Banks typically reimburse their customers when a fraudulent or stolen check gets posted against their account, but getting repaid for a bad check has become a long, drawn-out affair."

The Postal Inspection Service is on the hot seat over the issue. The Postal Inspection Service, for its part, claims that it has made "significant security enhancements" to mailboxes and that postal inspectors made 1,511 arrests for mail theft in 2021, with 1,263 convictions.

"It's really frustrating that banks are being held liable because the Postal Service can't secure the mail," says Paul Benda, senior vice president for operational risk and cybersecurity at the American Bankers Association." These numbers may seem impressive at first blush, but they are not," he said in congressional testimony.

The bottom line is that "much more systematic data on this type of fraud is needed to better understand how it works, crack down on the activity, and prevent it from occurring in the first place," according to Maimon.

Cyberattacks Spam Child Abuse on Facebook

When a reputable martial arts instructor posts child exploitation content on his Facebook page and spends a lot of money on Vietnamese ads for angler rods, something is obviously wrong. However, according to Jihad Bekai, head of the G-Force martial arts school in Melbourne, it has been utterly hard to persuade Facebook's owner Meta of that. 

Bekai was a victim of Facebook hackers last month. They employed a well-known and popular ruse that involves uploading images of child sexual assault on a user's personal Facebook page. 

As a result, Facebook automatically responds by banning the user for breaking its 'community standards.' While the user is occupied with the aftermath and attempting to regain access to Facebook, the hackers pursue their true objective, which is typically a credit card connected to a business page the user manages.

In addition, Bekai claimed he had been caught in a frustrating feedback loop with Facebook, whose online customer service forms fail to recognize the absurdity of his situation. Over the course of a month, the hackers ran up more than 50 charges totaling more than $1000 on Bekai's credit card for Facebook ads. 

Bekai asked, "If their artificial intelligence is so good that it can detect child pornography, why can't it put two and two together and realize it would be unusual for me to be doing 10 years of martial arts videos and suddenly decide child pornography is my thing, so much so that I want to display it online for everyone to see in a public post."

The martial arts school of Bekai only uses social media for advertising. One of the main ways potential consumers learn about his company is through his Facebook profile. Bekai lost access to the Facebook and Instagram accounts for his martial arts school. He also oversees a Melbourne martial arts competition and a cafe. He is no longer able to access such social media profiles.

Hackers gained access

Bekai claimed that the thing that aggravates him the most about being a target of Facebook hackers is that he appeared to take all the necessary precautions to protect his accounts. He claimed that the hackers seem to have gained access to his accounts by somehow designating themselves as an admin on his Facebook Commerce account, which brings together personal and business sites as well as credit cards in one location.

The email, which Bekai initially dismissed as spam, was then followed by another informing her that a second person had been added to the account. He claimed that out of desperation, he had turned to a lawyer to draft a legal notice to Meta on his behalf. He had also reported the incident to the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) but has not yet heard back.

In Australia, the ACSC is receiving reports of cybercrime once every seven minutes as the number of incidents rises, according to a report released on Friday. It is important to note that major social media companies have faced criticism in the past for fake news, hate speech, and misinformation that spread on their platforms. There have also been repeated calls to hold these companies more accountable.

The Four Major Types of Spoofing Attacks and How to Avoid Them

 

Spoofing is the act of concealing a communication or identity so that it appears to be from a reliable, authorized source. Spoofing attacks can take many forms, ranging from the common email spoofing attacks used in phishing campaigns to caller ID spoofing attacks used to commit fraud. 

As part of a spoofing attack, attackers may also target more technical elements of an organization's network, such as an IP address, domain name system (DNS) server, or Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) service. 

Spoofing attacks typically prey on trusted relationships by impersonating a person or organization known to the victim. These messages may even be personalized to the victim in some cases, such as whale phishing attacks that use email spoofing or website spoofing. there are various types of spoofing attacks. Here are three of the most common.
  • IP spoofing attack
An IP spoofing attack occurs when an attacker attempts to impersonate an IP address in order to pretend to be another user. The attacker sends packets from a false source address during an IP address spoofing attack. These IP packets are sent to network devices and function similarly to a DoS attack. To overwhelm a device with too many packets, the attacker uses multiple packet addresses.
 
IP spoofing attacks, which are one of the more common types of spoofing attacks, can be detected using a network analyzer or bandwidth monitoring tool. Monitoring your network will allow you to monitor normal traffic usage and detect abnormal traffic. This alerts  that something isn't right and allows you to investigate further.

If looking for IP addresses and flow data in particular that can lead you to illegal internet traffic. Detecting IP spoofing attacks early is critical because they frequently occur as part of DDoS (Direct Denial of Service) attacks, which can bring the entire network down.
  • Email Spoofing Attacks
Email spoofing attacks occur when an attacker sends an email that appears to be from another sender. The sender field is spoofing in these attacks to display bogus contact information. The attacker pretends to be this entity and then sends you an email asking for information. These attacks are frequently used to impersonate administrators and request account information from other members of staff.
 
Email spoofing attacks are perhaps the most dangerous because they directly target employees. Responding to the wrong email can give an attacker access to sensitive information. If you receive a spoofed email, your first line of defense should be to be skeptical of email display names.

Attackers frequently spoof display names, so double-check the email address. If the email contains any links, you can open them in a new window to see if they are legitimate. It's also a good idea to look for spelling mistakes and other inaccuracies that could indicate the sender isn't legitimate.
  • DNS Spoofing Attacks
DNS, or domain name system, attacks jumble up the list of public IP addresses. DNS servers maintain a database of public IP addresses and hostnames that are used to aid in network navigation. When a DNS attack occurs, the attacker alters domain names, causing them to be rerouted to a new IP address.

One example is when you enter a website URL and are directed to a spoofed domain rather than the website you intended to visit. This is a common method for attackers to introduce worms and viruses into networks.

It is a good idea to use a tool like dnstraceroute to detect a DNS spoofing attack. DNS spoofing attacks rely on an attacker spoofing the DNS response. Using dnstraceroute, you can see where the DNS request was answered. You'll be able to see the DNS server's location and whether someone spoofed the DNS response.