Cyberattacks aren’t what they used to be. Instead of one group planning and carrying out an entire attack, today’s hackers are breaking the process into parts and handing each step to different teams. This method, often seen in cybercrime now, is making it more difficult for security experts to understand and stop attacks.
In the past, cybersecurity analysts looked at threats by studying them as single operations done by one group with one goal. But that method is no longer enough. These days, many attackers specialize in just one part of an attack—like finding a way into a system, creating malware, or demanding money—and then pass on the next stage to someone else.
To better handle this shift, researchers from Cisco Talos, a cybersecurity team, have proposed updating an older method called the Diamond Model. This model originally focused on four parts of a cyberattack: the attacker, the target, the tools used, and the systems involved. The new idea is to add a fifth layer that shows how different hacker groups are connected and work together, even if they don’t share the same goals.
By tracking relationships between groups, security teams can better understand who is doing what, avoid mistakes when identifying attackers, and spot patterns across different incidents. This helps them respond more accurately and efficiently.
The idea of cybercriminals selling services isn’t new. For years, online forums have allowed criminals to buy and sell services—like renting out access to hacked systems or offering ransomware as a package. Some of these relationships are short-term, while others involve long-term partnerships where attackers work closely over time.
In one recent case, a group called ToyMaker focused only on breaking into systems. They then passed that access to another group known as Cactus, which launched a ransomware attack. This type of teamwork shows how attackers are now outsourcing parts of their operations, which makes it harder for investigators to pin down who’s responsible.
Other companies, like Elastic and Google’s cyber threat teams, have also started adapting their systems to deal with this trend. Google, for example, now uses separate labels to track what each group does and what motivates them—whether it's financial gain, political beliefs, or personal reasons. This helps avoid confusion when different groups work together for different reasons.
As cybercriminals continue to specialize, defenders will need smarter tools and better models to keep up. Understanding how hackers divide tasks and form networks may be the key to staying one step ahead in this ever-changing digital battlefield.
Cybercriminals are finding new ways to launch ransomware attacks, and recent reports show a major increase in these incidents. The latest warning from security experts highlights how hackers are evolving their tactics, making these threats more dangerous than ever.
Ransomware Attacks Have Risen Sharply
The number of ransomware attacks has grown in early 2025, with reports showing a 132% increase compared to late 2024. At the same time, a specific type of scam known as deepfake phishing—where AI is used to trick people into giving away sensitive information—has surged by more than 1,600%. These scams often lead to ransomware infections, as hackers use them to gain access to private systems.
Although many organizations have improved their cybersecurity measures, hackers are adapting. Cybercriminals are focusing on new methods to steal information, including bypassing two-factor authentication (2FA). In many cases, they intercept security codes or hijack login sessions, allowing them to enter accounts without needing passwords.
Hackers Are Targeting More Systems
A growing concern is that cybercriminals are now attacking systems that control important operations, such as industrial machines and corporate networks. These systems, known as operational technology (OT) environments, are becoming frequent targets for ransomware groups.
Security researchers from Ontinue warn that cybercriminals are not just trying to lock files and demand payments— they are using artificial intelligence (AI) and legitimate tools to break into networks without being detected. Instead of relying solely on traditional phishing emails, hackers now interact with IT staff, tricking them into sharing confidential details that can be used for future attacks.
Ransom Payments Are Declining— But The Threat Isn’t
One positive trend is that fewer companies are paying ransom demands. Recent studies show that overall payments have dropped by 35%. This is partly due to stronger law enforcement efforts, international cooperation, and organizations refusing to give in to extortion.
However, experts warn that this might not last. Cybercriminals are constantly adjusting their methods. Instead of just encrypting files, many ransomware groups now steal sensitive data and threaten to leak it unless victims pay up. Some hackers even demand multiple payments—one to prevent data from being leaked, another to unlock encrypted files, and sometimes an additional ransom for other threats.
The Future of Ransomware Attacks
Security professionals are seeing a shift in how ransomware works. Hackers are no longer just sending out mass phishing emails. They are carefully studying security systems, looking for vulnerabilities, and even using software-as-a-service (SaaS) platforms to deliver attacks.
Experts recommend that businesses and individuals take extra precautions. Strengthening cybersecurity defenses, keeping software updated, and being cautious of unexpected emails or messages can help prevent falling victim to these evolving threats.
This is a major fraud case whereby delivery partners exploited a weakness in the logistics app Porter, syphoning Rs 90 lakh from Bengaluru. The swindle was detected by a routine business audit conducted in July by Smart Shift Logistics Solutions Pvt Ltd, which runs Porter. After this, an official of the logistics company filed a complaint with the police. Insider involvement was ruled out through automated operations.
The authorities suspected it could be an inside job when the fraud was first detected, considering the scale of the crime. They looked at the backend operations of the company and found nothing internal as most processes were automated. This led to a deep probe with Sarah Fathima, the Deputy Commissioner of Police (Southeast), assigning a team to trace the refunds made by the company since January. This series of operations was headed by ACP Govardhan Gopal, along with inspector Eshwari from the Southeast Cybercrime, Economic Offences, and Narcotics (CEN) police station.
Understanding the Scam
The investigators soon came across several refunds credited to the same accounts, and a rather clear fraud pattern began to emerge. The police were following this chain of suspicious transactions when it led them to a Shreyas TL, a 29-year-old from Hassan's Hirisave. Based on confession questioning of Shreyas, the police managed to seize three others: Kaushik KS, aged 26, from Mandya, Ranganath PR, also 26, and Anand Kumar, 30, both from Mandya.
These were earlier cab drivers and food delivery partners for various online applications who chanced upon loopholes in the Porter app after dabbling in such scams in other delivery services. They eventually managed to pinpoint how to exploit the Porter system through trial and error for their financial gains.
How the scam was run
Porter has a system where the driver can get a part of the total bill through his wallet whenever he accepts the job. And if he rejects the delivery, he will have his money back automatically. The application does not allow abusing this system, and therefore it has a strict cancellation policy where it blacklists the drivers in case they cancel two deliveries consecutively.
The fraudsters bypassed the system. Geo-spoofing is an application of the technology, using which they manipulated the app so as to pose their locations at places where there are few available drivers. This way, they accepted the jobs using their fake delivery accounts. The amount of the bill was credited to their digital wallets. Then the amount was drawn from these wallets into bank accounts. They canceled the delivery, and customers canceled the order and received a refund.
The reason they did not get blacklisted was because of repeated cancellations, so to avoid that, the gang bought fake phone numbers from Telegram groups and created new accounts on the app with them. Additionally, the gang practiced geo-spoofing to change their location into neighbouring states, making it hard for the authorities to trace them.
A Perfected Scam
The operation of the gang was so sophisticated that they managed to make off with a total of Rs 90 lakh from the company. Taking advantage of loopholes in the automation of the app, they had syphoned off the amount without raising any suspicion in the beginning. But finally, after going through a detailed investigation, it was traced by the police, and the fraudsters were caught.
This case shines a light on the importance of secure and foolproof systems in online platforms, especially those handling financial transactions. It also highlights the need to frequently audit and monitor company automated processes to detect fraud before it gets out of hand.
As cybercrime continues to cost the world economy billions annually, a robust new coalition launched by Google, the DNS Research Federation, and the Global Anti-Scam Alliance (GASA) is working to disrupt online scammers at a global level. By all accounts, this partnership constitutes a "game changer." The United Coalition focuses on revealing and thwarting fraudulent activity online.
Online Scam Fighting via the Global Signal Exchange
The coalition will be launching a data platform called Global Signal Exchange, which will 24/7 scan open cyberspaces for signs of fraudulent activity and issue alerts. For a platform, it will leverage the DNS Research Federation's DAP.live: an aggregation platform that consolidates feeds from over 100 sources to spot potential scams. Google enhances these efforts while providing relevant feeds from DAP.live that should provide an even more comprehensive view of online fraud as it begins to take shape.
A Growing Threat in the Digital Age
Some scams are becoming almost too clever nowadays, to the extent that an estimated $8.6 billion is lost worldwide due to such scams each year, with few cases going to convictions. In the UK alone, each person is targeted nearly 240 times a year by a scammer via emails or texts from fake legitimate businesses or offices asking them for personal information, such as bank or credit card details.
Britain estimates the average loss per person due to scams is £1,169. Overall, 11% of adults admit that they have fallen for online fraud. More alarming is the economic loss in the proportion of older adults, which indicates people aged 55 and above lose an average amount of £2,151. Those between 36 and 54 lose about £1,270, while those less than 35 years old lose about £851.
The Call for International Cooperation
Another challenge while combating online scams is that many of the criminal organisations behind these scams are operating from abroad, often from such countries as Russia and North Korea. This international nature makes it even more difficult for local authorities to keep an eye on and legally prosecute them. The coalition aims to balance this gap by sharing scam information in real time, thereby creating a chance to respond quickly to new emerging threats. This collaborative approach will serve crucially because cybercriminals often operate in groups and have done all of this work so fast, which has made it really hard to fight scams alone by any single organisation.
Scammers collaborate, they pool and they act fast. The days when individual brands could combat cybercrime on their own are gone. Global Signal Exchange usher in a new chapter in the battle against cybercrime, and Google's partnership promises to be the game-changer," said Emily Taylor, Chief Executive of DNS Research Federation.
Scammers Use All Too Familiar Brand Names Trapping Victims
The research carried out by the coalition indicates that fraudsters make use of the identity of conspicuous brands to acquire victims. Some of the very popular brands currently being used in scams are: home delivery and courier services; financial services, including banks, insurance, and loan companies; companies in the Technology, Media, and Telecoms sector; many public sector organisations, including HMRC and local councils; and, in a few instances, prominent charities.
According to DNS Research Federation, the volume of scams seems to peak each year in November during the Black Friday promotions and associated online shopping. Much of such activity is occurring because of heightened online activity. Thus, proper defences are quite essential when activity reaches such peak levels.
An alliance towards consumers' protection around the world
The Global Anti-Scam Alliance was established in 2021 to create a network of businesses that stand together to protect consumers online from fraud. GASA, in partnership with Google and the DNS Research Federation, will decrease the profitability of scams in order to make them less appealing to cybercriminals.
As threats in cyber continue to grow and seemingly intensify, this alliance will very largely form a critical element in the protection of users internationally. The Global Signal Exchange represents a major leap forward in efforts on anti-scam activities as it promises that consumers will be better protected from online fraud, and are able to navigate an increasingly complex digital environment more securely.
According to a report issued by the United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime, dated October 7, criminal networks across Southeast Asia are increasingly turning to the messaging platform Telegram for conducting comprehensive illegal activities. It says Telegram, due to big channels and seemingly insufficient moderation, becomes the attraction of the underworld for organised crime and its resultant transformation in the ways of operating global illicit operations.
An Open Market for Stolen Data and Cybercrime Tools
The UNODC report clearly illustrates how Telegram has become a trading platform for hacked personal data, including credit card numbers, passwords, and browser histories. Cybercriminals publicly trade on the large channels of Telegram with very little interference. In addition, it has various software and tools designed to conduct cybercrime such as fraud using deepfake technology and malware used for copying and collecting users' data. Moreover, money laundering services are provided in unauthorised cryptocurrency exchanges through Telegram.
An example was an ad to be placed on Telegram stating that it was moving USDT cryptocurrency, stolen and with $3 million daily transactions, to cash in on criminal organisations involved in transnational organised crime in Southeast Asia. According to reports, these dark markets are growing increasingly omnipresent on Telegram through which vendors aggressively look to reach criminal organisations in the region.
Southeast Asia: A hub of fraud and exploitation
According to the UNODC reports, this region in Southeast Asia has become an important base for international fraudulent operations. Most criminal activities within the region relate to Chinese syndicates located within heavily fortified locations and use trafficked individuals forced into labour. It is estimated that the industry generates between $27.4 billion and $36.5 billion annually.
The move comes as scrutiny of Telegram and its billionaire founder, Russian-born Pavel Durov, is intensifying. Durov is facing legal fallout in France after he was charged with abetting crime on the platform by allowing the distribution of illegal content after he tightened his regulations in France. The case has sparked debates on the liability of tech companies for the crimes happening on their platform, and the line between free speech and legal accountability.
It responded to the increasing pressure by promising cooperation with legal authorities. The head of Telegram, Durov, stated that Telegram will share the IP addresses and phone numbers of users whenever a legal request for them is required. He further promised to cancel some features on the platform that have been widely misused for illicit activities. Currently, more than a billion people worldwide are using Telegram, and it has so far not reacted publicly to the latest report from the UNODC.
A Perfect Fertile Ground for Cybercrime
For example, as personal data becomes more and more exposed to fraudulent exploitation and fraud schemes through Telegram, for instance, the Deputy Representative for Southeast Asia and the Pacific at UNODC highlighted the perils of the consumer getting to see. In this respect, Benedikt Hofmann, free access and anonymity developed an ideal setting for criminals towards the people's data and safety.
Innovation in Criminal Networks
The growth in Southeast Asia's organised crime to higher levels may indicate criminals will be armed with new, more varying technologies-most importantly malware, generative AI tools, and deepfakes-to commit sophisticated cyber-enabled fraud. In relation to innovation and adaptability, investigation by UNODC revealed over 10 specialised service providers in the region offering deep fakes technology for use in cybercrime cases.
Expanding Investigations Across Asia
Another area of concern discussed in the UNODC report is the increasing investigation by law enforcement agencies in other parts of Asia. For example, South Korean authorities are screening Telegram for its role in the commission of cybercrimes that include deepfake pornography. Meanwhile, in India, a hacker used Telegram chatbots to leak private data from Star Health, one of the country's largest insurers. This incident disclosed medical records, IDs, and even tax details. Star Health sued Telegram.
A Turning Point in Cybersecurity
The UNODC report opens one's eyes to the extent the challenge encrypted messaging presents toward the fight against organised crime. Thus, while criminal groups will continue and take full advantage of platforms like Telegram, tech companies remain on their toes about enforcing control measures over illegal activity while trying to balance concerns to address user privacy and safety.
A tremendous blow has been dealt to global cybercrime after US authorities charged two Russian nationals with masterminding a giant cryptocurrency money laundering network. After being charged by the U.S., the two Russian nationals are alleged to have headmastered a giant cryptocurrency money laundering network. The couple laundered the billions through crypto exchange services, concealing ill-gotten gains from cyber frauds, ransomware, and dark web narcotics.
DOJ officials collaborated with worldwide law enforcement to obtain servers and USD 7 million in cryptocurrency from the network, effectively crippling the criminal organisation.
DOJ says the two Russians to be arraigned, Sergey Ivanov and Timur Shakhmametov, played a significant role in one of the largest money laundering operations. They traded billions of dollars for international cybercriminals through various cryptocurrency exchanges, including platforms like Cryptex and Joker's Stash. Their operation enabled criminals to avail themselves of the anonymity associated with cryptocurrencies, avoiding financial regulations, and even making their laundered funds more portable and unobservable.
Investigators said Ivanov operated Cryptex, a site that processed more than $1.15 billion in cryptocurrency transactions. Of that, $441 million was directly linked to crimes, including $297 million in fraud and $115 million in ransomware payments. Cryptex offered criminals a loophole because it didn't require users to have their IDs verified—a "know-your-customer" (KYC) compliance process would have made their transactions traceable.
Besides Cryptex, the operation made it possible to conduct many other illegal activities on the dark web like carding sites-Rescator and Joker's Stash. The said platforms, especially Joker's Stash, deal in stolen payment card information. Estimated proceeds from these operations ranged around $280 million to up to $1 billion. One of the defendants, Shakhmametov was said to manage Joker's Stash, and hence the extent of this criminal network increased.
Indeed, international cooperation figured quite largely into taking down this elaborate criminal enterprise. US authorities teamed with law enforcement agencies from other countries, such as Dutch authorities, to take down servers hosting such platforms as PM2BTC and Cryptex, located in several different countries, which have disrupted the operation. Moreover, law enforcement seized more than $7 million in cryptocurrency on those servers from the organisation.
According to the Justice Department, bitcoin transactions through Cryptex were pegged at 28% to the darknet markets that are U.S.-sanctioned, as well as other crime enterprises. This percentage emphasises the colossal level of participation that such exchanges provided in furthering cybercrimes at a worldwide level.
The case reminds everyone that efforts at a global level are aimed at fighting the same cybercrime supported by cryptocurrencies. The DOJ has already communicated while working with other U.S. agencies, including the Department of State and the Treasury, that it will continue the crusade against those who use digital currencies for nefarious activities. In this case, the dismantling of this billion-dollar laundering network makes it a milestone victory for law enforcement and a warning to others in similar operations.
As cryptocurrency increases in usage, so does its misuse. Even though digital currencies offer immense legitimate advantages, they also provide criminals with a conduit to bypass traditional financial systems. This makes it pretty evident that the breaking down of Cryptex and Joker's Stash serves as a harsh reminder of how much importance needs to be given to strict security and regulatory measures so that such practices cannot be made using the system for nefarious purposes.
The recent charges suggest that U.S. and international law enforcement agencies are attacking cybercrime networks, especially those using cryptocurrency as a cover for under-the-radar activities. By taking down these systems, the authorities would find it more challenging for cybercrimes to cover up their illegal sources of income and further reduce the threat of rising cybercrime globally.
Hence, this high-profile case should awaken business entities and private individuals dealing in cryptocurrencies to take extreme care that they do not engage in any activity contrary to regulations set to monitor money laundering and other illegal activities.
While phishing is most commonly executed via emails, it has now evolved into utilizing voice (vishing), social media, and SMS in order to seem more legitimate to the victims. With deepfakes, phishing is reemerging as the most severe type of cybercrime.
What are Deepfakes?
According to Steve Durbin of the Information Security Forum, deepfake technology (or deepfakes) is "a kind of artificial intelligence (AI) capable of generating synthetic voice, video, pictures, and virtual personalities." Users may already be familiar with this via their smartphones, consisting of apps that tend to revive the dead, exchange faces with famous persons, and produce effects that are quite lifelike like de-aging Hollywood celebrities.
Although deepfakes were apparently introduced for entertainment purposes, threat actors later utilized this technology to execute phishing attacks, identity theft, financial fraud, information manipulation, and political unrest.
Recently, deepfakes are being created by numerous methods, such as swapping (an individual’s face is superimposed upon another), attribute editing, face re-enactment, or entirely artificial content in which a person’s image is entirely made up.
One may assume deepfake as a futuristic concept, but a widespread and malicious use of deepfakes is in fact readily available and being used in reality.
A number of instances of deepfake-enabled phishing have already been reported, such as:
How Can an Organization Protect Themselves from Deepfake Phishing?
Deepfake phishing could be the reason for massive damage to businesses and their employees. Businesses could face harsh penalties and a higher risk of financial fraud. Since deepfake technology is currently widely available, anyone with even the smallest bad intent may synthesize audio and video and carry out a sophisticated phishing assault.
The following steps must be followed to ensure prevention.
One could not possibly prevent activities like deepfakes from happening, but the risks can still be mitigated by taking certain measures such as nurturing and developing cybersecurity instincts among employees. This will ultimately reinforce the overall cybersecurity culture of the organization.
Among various cyber threats, business e-mail compromise (BEC) and ransomware attacks continue to be on the top of the global watch list.
As per Ms. Wendi Whitmore, Palo Alto Network’s Unit 42 senior vice-president, BEC scams, targets both corporations and individuals making genuine transfer-of-funds requests. It makes BEC the most common and costly threat to organizations worldwide.
“We see (criminal) organizations where you’ve got a member in Nigeria that’s closely communicating (on the Dark Web) with someone in Eastern Europe, and maybe communicating closely with someone in Asia […] I think that as the economy continues to have more challenges, we’re going to see even more of that level of interconnectivity,” says Ms. Whitmore.
On the FBI Internet Crime Complaint Centre report 2021, BEC continues to hold the apex position, for the sixth year.
Does Dark Web Harbor Cybercrime?
Mr. Vicky Ray, a principal researcher at Unit 42 who studies data and telemetry used in such global cyberattacks, believes that the Dark Web has become a breeding ground for cybercrime.
On the Internet or the ‘Surface web,’ which is readily accessed by the general public, one can look for a variety of information or participate in forums. On the other hand, in order to access Dark Web, one needs a certain browser and a known URL. Some Dark Web forums demand that new members have a known party vouch for them.
According to Palo Alto, the growth of Darknet markets in Asia has given cybercriminals more flexibility, since the platform's anonymity makes it less likely that they will ever be tracked.
“It’s hard, but at the end of the day, it is our job to connect these dots together to really answer... the hard question of who may be behind it (a cyberattack) or what the motivation is.” Mr. Ray told The Straits Times.
No matter if the attack is a ransomware attack or a data breach, cyber criminals are in an ecosystem where “everyone supports each other and collaboration is everywhere”, he continues, showing a screengrab of a malware developer apparently receiving feedback on a Dark Web forum.
“What has changed in the past three years has been the tactics of ransomware as a service […] These gangs who were actually creating and using the ransomware to target victims, or potential victims back in the day, what they have realized is, if they provide that to other criminals, who are called affiliates, they can be more profitable,” he adds.
Cybercrime on Dark Web
Criminals on the Dark Web co-operate in an operation in a variety of ways, from "consultants" who offer professional guidance to affiliates who buy malware from developers.
However, there also lies a similar collaboration between law enforcement and business parties, like Palo Alto, which shares its criminal research with Interpol.
In one such case, for instance, in 2021, the Nigerian Police Force detained 11 members of certain cybercrime gangs, who are assumed to be part of a threat group ‘SilverTerrier’ recognized for their BEC scams, said Interpol on its website.
During Operation Falcon II, which ran from December 13 to December 22, 2021, investigators analyzed data from the network's BEC scams, which were allegedly linked to 50,000 individuals. One suspect had more than 800,000 potential victim domain credentials on his laptop, while no monetary amount was disclosed.
In regards to this, Interpol said, “Through Interpol’s Gateway initiative, Palo Alto Networks’ Unit 42 and Group-IB (a cyber-security firm) have contributed to investigations by sharing information on ‘SilverTerrier’ threat actors, and analyzing data to situate the group’s structure within the broader organized crime syndicate. They also provided key technical expertise consultancy to support the Interpol teams.”
The Gateway Initiatives aid law enforcement agencies and corresponding private companies to communicate information in a secure and quicker manner, in order to mitigate and disrupt cybercrime.
“We really see the significance of these (partnerships)... So you will see a lot of the law enforcement now openly talking to us and collaborating,” adds Mr. Ray