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Showing posts with label Iran hackers. Show all posts

Iran-Linked Hackers Targeted US Fuel Tank Systems Through Exposed ATG Networks

 

A cyber incident linked to suspected Iranian hackers targeted U.S. gas station fuel monitoring systems, exposing weaknesses in critical infrastructure. Internet-connected ATG systems lacking password protection reportedly allowed attackers to gain access without stolen credentials. Though designed to track fuel levels automatically, these systems became vulnerable because of poor security controls. 

The incident highlights how basic operational technology flaws can create major risks. Weakly protected infrastructure remains an attractive target for cyberattacks. Remote access features, while convenient, can become dangerous when left exposed online. 

Many of these monitoring tools operate quietly in the background until compromised. Security experts warn that even simple protections could have blocked the intrusion. Each exposed device increases risks across connected infrastructure networks. Although the attackers reportedly altered displayed fuel readings, authorities said the actual fuel levels inside storage tanks were not changed. 

Even so, cybersecurity specialists stressed that compromised ATG systems could still disrupt operations or create confusion during emergencies. Experts have warned for years that insecure fuel monitoring systems could become targets for hackers or state-backed groups seeking to impact critical services. Growing tensions involving the United States, Iran, and Israel have fueled suspicions around Iranian-linked cyber activity. Analysts noted similarities between this incident and earlier attacks tied to Iran targeting fuel distribution infrastructure. 

While officials have not publicly confirmed attribution, researchers said the timing and techniques resemble previous Iran-associated operations. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency acknowledged reports of malicious activity involving automated tank gauge systems across critical sectors. While the agency stopped short of blaming Iran directly, it urged organizations to strengthen protections immediately. 

Recommendations included removing ATG systems from direct internet exposure, implementing strong passwords, reviewing logs regularly, and improving monitoring for suspicious behavior. Experts say modern geopolitical conflicts increasingly extend into digital systems supporting everyday life. Attacks targeting fuel infrastructure can trigger economic disruption, supply chain instability, and public panic even without causing physical damage. 

A relatively small cyber incident can still send a strategic message by demonstrating access to systems relied upon by millions. Many cybersecurity professionals continue warning that operational technology environments remain especially vulnerable because they often rely on outdated systems, weak segmentation, and limited visibility. Attackers frequently focus on these environments because even simple techniques can produce large-scale disruption. 

Researchers also pointed to lessons from the Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack, which caused fuel shortages and emergency declarations across multiple U.S. states in 2021. Experts believe similar attacks today could create ripple effects well beyond the originally targeted facilities. 

Security specialists now argue that industrial systems and connected devices should receive the same level of protection as traditional IT networks. Stronger segmentation, automated compliance checks, continuous monitoring, and recovery planning are increasingly viewed as necessary safeguards as cyber threats against critical infrastructure continue to grow.

Iran-Linked Handala Hackers Claim Breach of Israel’s Clalit Healthcare Network

 

A breach at Israel’s biggest health provider has been tied to an Iranian-affiliated hacking collective, which posted stolen patient records online. Claiming credit, a network calling itself Handala detailed the intrusion via public posts. Access reportedly reached Clalit Health Services’ core data stores. That institution cares for around fifty percent of the country’s residents. 

More than ten thousand people saw their medical files exposed, the hackers stated. Samples of what they say is real data now sit on public servers - names, test results, health scans tucked inside. Handala issued a statement saying Israel's hospital networks were left reeling after the breach, calling defenses weak and slow. What followed was not subtle: laughter at how easily systems gave way.  

Not just an attack, but positioned as resistance - this action followed claims of long-standing control and abuse. Echoing past messages, the announcement carried familiar tones seen when digital strikes hit Israeli bodies before. 

A strange post appeared online just hours before the reveal - hinting at something unfolding within Israel’s medical system. By next morning, reports confirmed a possible leak of sensitive information. Right after hearing about it, Clalit's cyber defense units started looking into what happened. Government agencies got updates right away, since detection tools kicked in under standard procedures. 

While checks are still underway, hospital networks remain stable and running without disruption. A fresh incident highlights ongoing digital operations tied to Iran, aimed at entities and people in Israel. In recent years, outfits connected to Tehran have faced claims of seeking information, interfering with key bodies, while also trying to pull in collaborators using internet exchanges along with money offers. 

Now known for bold statements, Handala has taken credit for multiple major cyber events, experts note. While Check Point Research points out that some assertions appear inflated, a few of those declarations align with verified breaches. Unexpected overlaps between claim and evidence keep scrutiny alive. 

In December, hackers revealed they had gained access to ex-Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s Telegram messages. Confirmation came from Bennett's team - yes, the account was reached, yet his device remained untouched. 

Later, these attackers stated they went after more individuals in politics. Among them: ex-minister Ayelet Shaked and Tzachi Braverman, a close associate of Netanyahu. Earlier, Israel's medical system dealt with digital attacks. Last October, hackers targeted Assaf Harofeh Medical Center using ransomware linked to Qilin. Patient records were at risk when the criminals asked for 70,000 dollars. Threats to expose sensitive information followed if payment failed. 

Later, officials pointed to Iran’s likely involvement in that incident too - showing how digital attacks are becoming a key part of the strain between these nations.

Iran-Linked Hackers Target Human Rights Groups in Redkitten Malware Campaign

A Farsi-speaking threat actor believed to be aligned with Iranian state interests is suspected of carrying out a new cyber campaign targeting non-governmental organizations and individuals documenting recent human rights abuses in Iran, according to a report by HarfangLab. 

The activity, tracked in January 2026 and codenamed RedKitten, appears to coincide with nationwide unrest that erupted in Iran in late 2025 over soaring inflation, rising food prices, and currency depreciation. The protests were followed by a severe security crackdown, mass casualties, and an internet blackout. 

“The malware relies on GitHub and Google Drive for configuration and modular payload retrieval, and uses Telegram for command-and-control,” HarfangLab said. 

Researchers said the campaign is notable for its apparent use of large language models to help develop and coordinate its tooling. The attack chain begins with a 7-Zip archive bearing a Farsi filename, which contains malicious Microsoft Excel files embedded with macros. 

The XLSM spreadsheets purport to list details of protesters who died in Tehran between Dec. 22, 2025, and Jan. 20, 2026. Instead, the files deploy a malicious VBA macro that acts as a dropper for a C# implant known as AppVStreamingUX_Multi_User.dll using a technique called AppDomainManager injection. HarfangLab said the VBA code itself shows signs of being generated by an LLM, citing its structure, variable naming patterns, and comments such as “PART 5: Report the result and schedule if successful.”  
Investigators believe the campaign exploits the emotional distress of people searching for information about missing or deceased protesters. Analysis of the spreadsheet data found inconsistencies such as mismatched ages and birthdates, suggesting the content was fabricated. The implanted backdoor, dubbed SloppyMIO, uses GitHub as a dead drop resolver to obtain Google Drive links hosting images that conceal configuration data using steganography. This data includes Telegram bot tokens, chat IDs, and links to additional modules. 

The malware supports multiple modules that allow attackers to run commands, collect and exfiltrate files, establish persistence through scheduled tasks, and launch processes on infected systems. “The malware can fetch and cache multiple modules from remote storage, run arbitrary commands, collect and exfiltrate files and deploy further malware with persistence via scheduled tasks,” HarfangLab said. “SloppyMIO beacons status messages, polls for commands and sends exfiltrated files over to a specified operator leveraging the Telegram Bot API for command-and-control.” 

Attribution to Iranian-linked actors is based on the use of Farsi-language artifacts, protest-themed lures, and tactical overlaps with earlier operations, including campaigns associated with Tortoiseshell, which previously used malicious Excel documents and AppDomainManager injection techniques. The use of GitHub as part of the command infrastructure mirrors earlier Iranian-linked operations. In 2022, Secureworks, now part of Sophos, documented a campaign by a sub-group of Nemesis Kitten that also leveraged GitHub to distribute malware. 

HarfangLab noted that reliance on widely used platforms such as GitHub, Google Drive, and Telegram complicates traditional infrastructure-based attribution but can also expose operational metadata that poses risks to the attackers themselves. The findings follow recent disclosures by U.K.-based Iranian activist and cyber investigator Nariman Gharib, who detailed a separate phishing campaign using a fake WhatsApp Web login page to hijack victims’ accounts. 

“The page polls the attacker’s server every second,” Gharib said. “This lets the attacker serve a live QR code from their own WhatsApp Web session directly to the victim.” That phishing infrastructure was also designed to request access to a victim’s camera, microphone, and location, effectively turning the page into a surveillance tool. The identity and motive of the operators behind that campaign remain unclear. 

Separately, TechCrunch reporter Zack Whittaker reported that related activity also targeted Gmail credentials using fake login pages, impacting around 50 victims across the Kurdish community, academia, government, and business sectors. The disclosures come amid growing scrutiny of Iranian-linked cyber groups following a major data leak affecting Charming Kitten, which exposed details about its operations and a surveillance platform known as Kashef. Gharib has also highlighted leaked records tied to Ravin Academy, a cybersecurity school linked to Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence and Security, which was sanctioned by the United States in 2022.

Iranian Hackers Threaten More Trump Email Leaks Amid Rising U.S. Cyber Tensions

 

Iran-linked hackers have renewed threats against the U.S., claiming they plan to release more emails allegedly stolen from former President Donald Trump’s associates. The announcement follows earlier leaks during the 2024 presidential race, when a batch of messages was distributed to the media. 

The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) responded by calling the incident “digital propaganda,” warning it was a calculated attempt to discredit public officials and mislead the public. CISA added that those responsible would be held accountable, describing the operation as part of a broader campaign by hostile foreign actors to sow division. 

Speaking virtually with Reuters, a hacker using the alias “Robert” claimed the group accessed roughly 100 GB of emails from individuals including Trump adviser Roger Stone, legal counsel Lindsey Halligan, White House chief of staff Susie Wiles, and Trump critic Stormy Daniels. Though the hackers hinted at selling the material, they provided no specifics or content. 

The initial leaks reportedly involved internal discussions, legal matters, and possible financial dealings involving RFK Jr.’s legal team. Some information was verified, but had little influence on the election, which Trump ultimately won. U.S. authorities later linked the operation to Iran’s Revolutionary Guard, though the hackers declined to confirm this. 

Soon after Trump ordered airstrikes on Iranian nuclear sites, Iranian-aligned hackers began launching cyberattacks. Truth Social, Trump’s platform, was briefly knocked offline by a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack claimed by a group known as “313 Team.” Security experts confirmed the group’s ties to Iranian and pro-Palestinian cyber networks. 

The outage occurred shortly after Trump posted about the strikes. Users encountered error messages, and monitoring organizations warned that “313 Team” operates within a wider ecosystem of groups supporting anti-U.S. cyber activity. 

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued a national alert on June 22, citing rising cyber threats linked to Iran-Israel tensions. The bulletin highlighted increased risks to U.S. infrastructure, especially from loosely affiliated hacktivists and state-backed cyber actors. DHS also warned that extremist rhetoric could trigger lone-wolf attacks inspired by Iran’s ideology. 

Federal agencies remain on high alert, with targeted sectors including defense, finance, and energy. Though large-scale service disruptions have not yet occurred, cybersecurity teams have documented attempted breaches. Two groups backing the Palestinian cause claimed responsibility for further attacks across more than a dozen U.S. sectors. 

At the same time, the U.S. faces internal challenges in cyber preparedness. The recent dismissal of Gen. Timothy Haugh, who led both the NSA and Cyber Command, has created leadership uncertainty. Budget cuts to election security programs have added to concerns. 

While a military ceasefire between Iran and Israel may be holding, experts warn the cyber conflict is far from over. Independent threat actors and ideological sympathizers could continue launching attacks. Analysts stress the need for sustained investment in cybersecurity infrastructure—both public and private—as digital warfare becomes a long-term concern.

Iranian Attackers Exploit Windows Bug to Elevate Privileges

 

The Iranian state-sponsored hacking outfit APT34, dubbed OilRig, has recently escalated its activity by launching new campaigns against government and vital infrastructure entities in the United Arab Emirates and the Gulf area. 

OilRig employed a new backdoor to target Microsoft Exchange servers and steal passwords, as well as exploiting the Windows CVE-2024-30088 vulnerabilities to escalate their privileges on affected devices, according to Trend Micro researchers. In addition to the activity, FOX Kitten, another Iran-based APT outfit involved in ransomware attacks, and OilRig have been linked by Trend Micro. 

The attacks observed by Trend Micro start with the exploitation of an unprotected web server to upload a web shell, enabling the hackers to execute remote code and PowerShell commands. Once the web shell is activated, OilRig uses it to launch additional tools, including a component that exploits the Windows CVE-2024-30088 bug. 

CVE-2024-30088 is a high-severity privilege escalation vulnerability that Microsoft patched in June 2024, allowing attackers to elevate their privileges to the SYSTEM level and gain significant control over the compromised devices. 

Microsoft has identified a proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2024-30088, although it hasn't yet disclosed on its security portal that the vulnerability is being actively exploited. Furthermore, CISA has not listed it as having been previously exploited in its catalogue of known exploited vulnerabilities.

Following a password change event, OilRig downloads and installs 'ngrok,' a remote monitoring and management application that enables covert communications via secure tunnels. This allows the tool to intercept plaintext credentials. 

The use of on-premise Microsoft Exchange servers by threat actors as a means of credential theft and sensitive data exfiltration through fake, difficult-to-identify email traffic is another novel strategy. 

The exfiltration is accomplished using a new backdoor known as 'StealHook,' and Trend Micro claims that government infrastructure is frequently employed as a pivot point to make the operation appear authentic. 

"The key objective of this stage is to capture the stolen passwords and transmit them to the attackers as email attachments," notes Trend Micro in the report. "Additionally, we observed that the threat actors leverage legitimate accounts with stolen passwords to route these emails through government Exchange Servers.”

UK and US Warn of Rising Iranian Spear Phishing Threat

 

The UK’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) collaborated with government agencies across the Atlantic to issue a new alert regarding Iranian cyber-threats last week. 

The security advice, issued in collaboration with the FBI, US Cyber Command - Cyber National Mission Force (CNMF), and the Department of the Treasury (Treasury), claimed that Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) was behind the spear phishing attack. 

The campaign is aimed at individuals "with a nexus to Iranian and Middle Eastern affairs," but it is also focused on US political campaigns, with the ultimate goal of expanding its information operations, the advice stated. Current or former top government officials, think tank personnel, journalists, activists, and lobbyists seem to be potential targets. 

Threat actors change their strategies according to the specific target, which could involve impersonating family members, professional contacts, prominent journalists, and/or email providers. The lure may be an interview, an invitation to a conference or embassy event, a speaking engagement, or another political or foreign policy dialogue. 

“The actors often attempt to build rapport before soliciting victims to access a document via a hyperlink, which redirects victims to a false email account login page for the purpose of capturing credentials,” the report reads. 

“Victims may be prompted to input two-factor authentication codes, provide them via a messaging application, or interact with phone notifications to permit access to the cyber actors. Victims sometimes gain access to the document but may receive a login error.” 

Prevention tips

The advisory advised readers to be suspicious of unsolicited contact, attempts to send links or files via social media and other online services, email messages flagging alerts for online accounts, emails purporting to be from legitimate services and shortened links. It also recommended enterprises to:

  • Implement a user training program for phishing awareness.
  • Recommend users only use work emails for official business, always keep software updated, switch on multi-factor authentication, and never click on links or open attachments in unsolicited emails.
  • Users are recommended to use advanced protection services and hardware security keys. 
  • Switch on anti-phishing and spoofing security features. 
  • Block automatic email forwarding to external addresses.
  • Monitor email servers for changes to configuration and custom rules.

Iranian Hackers Use New C2 Tool 'DarkBeatC2' in Recent Operation

 

MuddyWater, an Iranian threat actor, has used a novel command-and-control (C2) infrastructure known as DarkBeatC2 in its the most recent attack. This tool joins a list of previously used systems, including SimpleHarm, MuddyC3, PhonyC2, and MuddyC2Go.

In a recent technical study, Deep Instinct security researcher Simon Kenin stated that, despite periodic modifications in remote administration tools or changes in C2 frameworks, MuddyWater's strategies consistently follow a pattern.

MuddyWater, also known as Boggy Serpens, Mango Sandstorm, and TA450, is linked to Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) and has been operational since at least 2017. The group orchestrates spear-phishing attacks, which result in the installation authorised Remote Monitoring and Management (RMM) solutions on compromised systems. 

Prior intelligence from Microsoft connects the group to another Iranian threat cluster known as Storm-1084 (also known as DarkBit), which has been involved in devastating wiper assaults against Israeli entities.

The latest attack, which Proofpoint revealed last month, starts off with spear-phishing emails sent from compromised accounts. These emails include links or attachments hosted on services such as Egnyte, which facilitate the distribution of the Atera Agent software.

One of the URLs used is "kinneretacil.egnyte[.]com," with the subdomain "kinneretacil" referring to "kinneret.ac.il," an Israeli educational institution. 

Lord Nemesis (also known as Nemesis Kitten or TunnelVision) targeted a Rashim customer's supply chain. Lord Nemesis, who is accused of orchestrating operations against Israel, is employed by Najee Technology, a private contracting company linked to Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). 

Kenin underlined the possible consequences of Rashim's breach, claiming that Lord Nemesis might have exploited the compromised email system to target Rashim's customers, giving the phishing emails a veneer of authenticity.

Although solid proof is missing, the timing and context of events indicate a possible coordination between the IRGC and MOIS to cause serious harm to Israeli entities.

Notably, the attacks leverage a collection of domains and IP addresses known as DarkBeatC2 to manage compromised endpoints. This is done using PowerShell code that creates communication with the C2 server after initial access. 

According to independent research by Palo Alto Networks Unit 42, MuddyWater used the Windows Registry's AutodialDLL function to sideload a malicious DLL and make connections with DarkBeatC2 domains.

This method entails creating persistence via a scheduled task that uses PowerShell to exploit the AutodialDLL registry entry and load the DLL for the C2 framework. MuddyWater's other approaches include sending a first-stage payload via spear-phishing emails and using DLL side-loading to execute malicious libraries. 

Upon successful communication, the infected machine receives PowerShell responses and downloads two further PowerShell scripts from the server. One script reads the contents of a file called "C:\ProgramData\SysInt.log" and sends them to the C2 server via an HTTP POST request, while the second script polls the server on a regular basis for new payloads. The particular nature of the subsequent payload is unknown, but Kenin emphasised that PowerShell remains critical to MuddyWater's operations.

Iranian APT34 Employs Menorah Malware for Covert Operations

 

In a recent cyber espionage operation, suspected Iranian hackers infected their targets with the newly discovered Menorah Malware, according to a report released on Friday. 

APT34, also known as OilRig, Cobalt Gypsy, IRN2, and Helix Kitten, is believed to have its headquarters in Iran. Since at least 2014, it has targeted Middle Eastern nations, primarily concentrating on governmental institutions and companies in the finance, oil, chemical, and telecommunications industries. 

Researchers from Trend Micro claim that in August, the hackers infected targets suspected to be headquartered in Saudi Arabia with the Menorah malware via a series of phishing emails.

The malware designed by the group is intended for cyber espionage; it has the ability to download files to the system, run shell commands, and upload particular files from a compromised device.

The SideTwist backdoor, which the organisation had previously utilised, is said to be similar to the new malware created by APT34. But the new version is more complex and more difficult to spot. 

“APT34 is in continuous-development mode, changing up and trying which routines and techniques will work,” the researchers explained. 

A tiny portion of data regarding the victims targeted by APT34 was discovered by Trend Micro during the investigation. They impersonated the Seychelles Licensing Authority in their phishing emails by using a fake file registration form.

According to the investigation, the target victim was probably based in Saudi Arabia because this document included price information in Saudi Arabian currency. 

APT34 has a history of taking part in prominent cyberattacks on numerous targets in the Middle East. A government official in Jordan's foreign ministry was the target of Saitama's backdoor last year. The gang attacked a number of Middle Eastern banks in 2021. 

“This group operates with a high degree of sophistication and seemingly vast resources, posing a significant cybersecurity challenge regionally and beyond,” the researchers added. "Organisations should regularly alert their staff to the numerous techniques that attackers use to target systems, confidential information, and personal information."