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MFA
AI AI Browsers ChatGPT Data Theft malware MFA

Some ChatGPT Browser Extensions Are Putting User Accounts at Risk

 


Cybersecurity researchers are cautioning users against installing certain browser extensions that claim to improve ChatGPT functionality, warning that some of these tools are being used to steal sensitive data and gain unauthorized access to user accounts.

These extensions, primarily found on the Chrome Web Store, present themselves as productivity boosters designed to help users work faster with AI tools. However, recent analysis suggests that a group of these extensions was intentionally created to exploit users rather than assist them.

Researchers identified at least 16 extensions that appear to be connected to a single coordinated operation. Although listed under different names, the extensions share nearly identical technical foundations, visual designs, publishing timelines, and backend infrastructure. This consistency indicates a deliberate campaign rather than isolated security oversights.

As AI-powered browser tools become more common, attackers are increasingly leveraging their popularity. Many malicious extensions imitate legitimate services by using professional branding and familiar descriptions to appear trustworthy. Because these tools are designed to interact deeply with web-based AI platforms, they often request extensive permissions, which exponentially increases the potential impact of abuse.

Unlike conventional malware, these extensions do not install harmful software on a user’s device. Instead, they take advantage of how browser-based authentication works. To operate as advertised, the extensions require access to active ChatGPT sessions and advanced browser privileges. Once installed, they inject hidden scripts into the ChatGPT website that quietly monitor network activity.

When a logged-in user interacts with ChatGPT, the platform sends background requests that include session tokens. These tokens serve as temporary proof that a user is authenticated. The malicious extensions intercept these requests, extract the tokens, and transmit them to external servers controlled by the attackers.

Possession of a valid session token allows attackers to impersonate users without needing passwords or multi-factor authentication. This can grant access to private chat histories and any external services connected to the account, potentially exposing sensitive personal or organizational information. Some extensions were also found to collect additional data, including usage patterns and internal access credentials generated by the extension itself.

Investigators also observed synchronized publishing behavior, shared update schedules, and common server infrastructure across the extensions, reinforcing concerns that they are part of a single, organized effort.

While the total number of installations remains relatively low, estimated at fewer than 1,000 downloads, security experts warn that early-stage campaigns can scale rapidly. As AI-related extensions continue to grow in popularity, similar threats are likely to emerge.

Experts advise users to carefully evaluate browser extensions before installation, pay close attention to permission requests, and remove tools that request broad access without clear justification. Staying cautious is increasingly important as browser-based attacks become more subtle and harder to detect.

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Ransomware
Data Breach Data Theft eCommerce Japan MFA Ransomware

Askul Discloses Scope of Customer Data Theft Following October Ransomware Incident

 



Japanese e-commerce firm Askul Corporation has officially confirmed that a ransomware attack earlier this year led to the unauthorized access and theft of data belonging to nearly 740,000 individuals. The company made the disclosure after completing a detailed investigation into the cyber incident that occurred in October.

Askul operates a large-scale online platform that provides office supplies and logistics services to both corporate clients and individual consumers. The company is part of the Yahoo! Japan corporate group and plays a significant role in Japan’s business-to-business supply chain.

The cyberattack caused serious disruptions to Askul’s internal systems, resulting in an operational shutdown that forced the company to suspend product shipments. This disruption affected a wide range of customers, including major retail partners such as Muji.

Following the conclusion of its internal review, Askul clarified the categories of data that were compromised. According to the company, service-related records of approximately 590,000 business customers were accessed. Data connected to around 132,000 individual customers was also involved. In addition, information related to roughly 15,000 business partners, including outsourcing firms, agents, and suppliers, was exposed. The incident further affected personal data linked to about 2,700 executives and employees, including those from group companies.

Askul stated that it is deliberately limiting the disclosure of specific details related to the stolen data to reduce the risk of further exploitation. The company confirmed that affected customers and business partners will be informed directly through individual notifications.

Regulatory authorities have also been notified. Askul reported the data exposure to Japan’s Personal Information Protection Commission and has implemented long-term monitoring measures to identify and prevent any potential misuse of the compromised information.

System recovery remains ongoing. As of December 15, shipping operations had not fully returned to normal, and the company continues to work toward restoring all affected services.

Responsibility for the attack has been claimed by the ransomware group known as RansomHouse. The group publicly disclosed the breach at the end of October and later released portions of the stolen data in two separate leaks in November and December.

Askul shared limited technical findings regarding how the attackers gained access. The company believes the intrusion began through stolen login credentials associated with an administrator account belonging to an outsourced partner. This account did not have multi-factor authentication enabled, making it easier for attackers to exploit.

After entering the network, the attackers conducted internal reconnaissance, collected additional authentication information, and expanded their access to multiple servers. Askul reported that security defenses, including endpoint detection and response tools, were disabled during the attack. The company also noted that several ransomware variants were deployed, some of which bypassed existing detection mechanisms despite recent updates.

The attack resulted in both data encryption and widespread system failures. The ransomware was executed simultaneously across multiple servers, and backup files were deliberately erased to prevent rapid system recovery.

In response, Askul disconnected affected networks, restricted communication between data centers and logistics facilities, isolated compromised devices, and strengthened endpoint security controls. Multi-factor authentication has since been enforced across critical systems, and all administrator account passwords have been reset.

The financial consequences of the incident have not yet been determined. Askul has postponed its earnings report to allow additional time for a comprehensive assessment of the impact.



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third party access
CAPTCHA Credential Stuffing Cyber Security MFA Online Retailers Passwords third party access

How Retailers Should Harden Accounts Before the Holiday Rush




Retailers rely heavily on the year-end shopping season, but it also happens to be the period when online threats rise faster than most organizations can respond. During the rush, digital systems handle far more traffic than usual, and internal teams operate under tighter timelines. This combination creates a perfect opening for attackers who intentionally prepare their campaigns weeks in advance and deploy automated tools when stores are at their busiest.

Security analysts consistently report that fraudulent bot traffic, password-testing attempts, and customer account intrusions grow sharply during the weeks surrounding Black Friday, festive sales, and year-end shopping events. Attackers time their operations carefully because the chance of slipping through undetected is higher when systems are strained and retailers are focused on maintaining performance rather than investigating anomalies.

A critical reason criminals favor this season is the widespread reuse of passwords. Large collections of leaked usernames and passwords circulate on criminal forums, and attackers use automated software to test these combinations across retail login pages. These tools can attempt thousands of logins per minute. When one match succeeds, the attacker gains access to stored payment information, saved addresses, shopping histories, loyalty points, and in some cases stored tokenized payment methods. All of these can be exploited immediately, which makes the attack both low-effort and highly profitable.

Another layer of risk arises from the credentials of external partners. Many retailers depend on vendors for services ranging from maintenance to inventory support, which means third-party accounts often hold access to internal systems. Past retail breaches have shown that attackers frequently begin their intrusion not through the company itself but through a partner whose login rights were not secured with strong authentication or strict access controls. This amplifies the impact far beyond a single compromised account, highlighting the need for retailers to treat vendor and contractor credentials with the same seriousness as internal workforce accounts.

Balancing security with customer experience becomes especially challenging during peak seasons. Retailers cannot introduce so much friction that shoppers abandon their carts, yet they also cannot ignore the fact that most account takeovers begin with weak, reused, or compromised passwords.

Modern authentication frameworks recommend focusing on password length, screening new passwords against known breach data, and reducing reliance on outdated complexity rules that frustrate users without meaningfully improving security. Adaptive multi-factor authentication is viewed as the most practical solution. It triggers an additional verification step only when something unusual is detected, such as a login from an unfamiliar device, a significant change to account settings, or a suspicious location. This approach strengthens security without slowing down legitimate customers.

Internal systems require equal attention. Administrative dashboards, point-of-sale backends, vendor portals, and remote-access platforms usually hold higher levels of authority, which means they must follow a stricter standard. Mandatory MFA, centralized identity management, unique employee credentials, and secure vaulting of privileged passwords significantly reduce the blast radius of any single compromised account.

Holiday preparedness also requires a layered approach to blocking automated abuse. Retailers can deploy tools that differentiate real human activity from bots by studying device behavior, interaction patterns, and risk signals. Rate limits, behavioral monitoring for credential stuffing, and intelligence-based blocking of known malicious sources help limit abuse without overwhelming the customer experience. Invisible or background challenge mechanisms are often more effective than traditional CAPTCHAs, which can hinder sales during peak traffic.

A final but critical aspect of resilience is operational continuity. Authentication providers, SMS delivery routes, and verification systems can fail under heavy demand, and outages during peak shopping hours can have direct financial consequences. Retailers should run rehearsals before the season begins, including testing failover paths for sign-in systems, defining emergency access methods that are short-lived and fully auditable, and ensuring there is a manual verification process that stores can rely on if digital systems lag or fail. Running load tests and tabletop exercises helps confirm that backup procedures will hold under real stress.

Strengthening password policies and monitoring for compromised credentials also plays a vital role. Tools that enforce password screenings against known breach databases, encourage passphrases, restrict predictable patterns, and integrate directly with directory services allow retailers to apply consistent controls across both customer-facing and internal systems. Telemetry from these tools can reveal early signs of suspicious behavior, providing opportunities to intervene before attackers escalate their actions.

With attackers preparing earlier each year and using highly automated methods, retailers must enter the holiday season with defenses that are both proactive and adaptable. By tightening access controls, reinforcing authentication, preparing for system failures, and using layered detection methods, retailers can significantly reduce the likelihood of account takeovers and fraud, all while maintaining smooth and reliable shopping experiences for their customers.


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Ransomware
Account security British transport Data Breach MFA Passwords Ransomware

When Weak Passwords Open The Door: Major Breaches That Began With Simple Logins

 



Cybersecurity incidents are often associated with sophisticated exploits, but many of the most damaging breaches across public institutions, private companies and individual accounts have originated from something far more basic: predictable passwords and neglected account controls. A review of several high-profile cases shows how easily attackers can bypass defences when organisations rely on outdated credentials, skip essential updates or fail to enforce multi-factor authentication.

One example resurfaced when an older assessment revealed that the server used to manage surveillance cameras at a prominent European museum operated with a password identical to the institution’s name. The report, which stresses on configuration weaknesses and poor access safeguards, has drawn renewed attention following recent thefts from the museum’s collection. The outdated credential underlined how critical systems often remain vulnerable because maintenance and password policies fall behind operational needs.

A similar pattern was seen in May 2021 when a major fuel pipeline in the United States halted operations after attackers used a compromised login associated with an inactive remote-access account. The credential was not protected by secondary verification, allowing the intruders to infiltrate the network. The temporary shutdown triggered widespread disruption, and the operator ultimately paid a substantial ransom before systems could be restored. Investigators later recovered part of the payment, but the event demonstrated how a single unsecured account can affect national infrastructure.

In the corporate sector, a British transport company with more than a century of operations collapsed after a ransomware group accessed its internal environment by correctly guessing an employee’s password. Once inside, the attackers encrypted operational data and locked critical systems, demanding a ransom the firm could not pay. With its files unrecoverable, the company ceased trading and hundreds of employees lost their jobs. The case illustrated how small oversights in password hygiene can destabilise even long-established businesses.

Weak or unchanged default codes have also enabled intrusions into personal communications. Years-long investigations into unlawful phone-hacking in the United Kingdom revealed that some voicemail systems were protected by factory-set PINs or extremely simple numerical combinations. These lax protections enabled unauthorized access to private messages belonging to public figures, eventually triggering criminal proceedings, regulatory inquiries and the shutdown of a national newspaper.

Historical oversight is not limited to consumer systems. Former personnel who worked with early nuclear command procedures in the United States have described past practices in which launch mechanisms relied on extremely simple numeric sequences. Although additional procedural safeguards existed, later reforms strengthened the technical requirements to ensure that no single point of failure or simplistic code could enable unauthorized action.

More recently, a national elections authority in the United Kingdom was reprimanded after attackers accessed servers containing voter registration data between 2021 and 2022. Regulators found that essential patches had not been applied and that many internal accounts continued to use passwords similar to those originally assigned at setup. By impersonating legitimate users, intruders were able to penetrate the system, though no evidence indicated that the data was subsequently misused.

These incidents reinforce a consistent conclusion. Passwords remain central to digital security, and organisations that fail to enforce strong credential policies, update software and enable multi-factor authentication expose themselves to avoidable breaches. Even basic improvements in password complexity and account management can prevent the kinds of failures that have repeatedly resulted in financial losses, service outages and large-scale investigations.


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Security Breach
AI Systems Cyber Security Google MFA Security Breach

Google Probes Weeks-Long Security Breach Linked to Contractor Access

 




Google has launched a detailed investigation into a weeks-long security breach after discovering that a contractor with legitimate system privileges had been quietly collecting internal screenshots and confidential files tied to the Play Store ecosystem. The company uncovered the activity only after it had continued for several weeks, giving the individual enough time to gather sensitive technical data before being detected.

According to verified cybersecurity reports, the contractor managed to access information that explained the internal functioning of the Play Store, Google’s global marketplace serving billions of Android users. The files reportedly included documentation describing the structure of Play Store infrastructure, the technical guardrails that screen malicious apps, and the compliance systems designed to meet international data protection laws. The exposure of such material presents serious risks, as it could help malicious actors identify weaknesses in Google’s defense systems or replicate its internal processes to deceive automated security checks.

Upon discovery of the breach, Google initiated a forensic review to determine how much information was accessed and whether it was shared externally. The company has also reported the matter to law enforcement and begun a complete reassessment of its third-party access procedures. Internal sources indicate that Google is now tightening security for all contractor accounts by expanding multi-factor authentication requirements, deploying AI-based systems to detect suspicious activities such as repeated screenshot captures, and enforcing stricter segregation of roles and privileges. Additional measures include enhanced background checks for third-party employees who handle sensitive systems, as part of a larger overhaul of Google’s contractor risk management framework.

Experts note that the incident arrives during a period of heightened regulatory attention on Google’s data protection and antitrust practices. The breach not only exposes potential security weaknesses but also raises broader concerns about insider threats, one of the most persistent and challenging issues in cybersecurity. Even companies that invest heavily in digital defenses remain vulnerable when authorized users intentionally misuse their access for personal gain or external collaboration.

The incident has also revived discussion about earlier insider threat cases at Google. In one of the most significant examples, a former software engineer was charged with stealing confidential files related to Google’s artificial intelligence systems between 2022 and 2023. Investigators revealed that he had transferred hundreds of internal documents to personal cloud accounts and even worked with external companies while still employed at Google. That case, which resulted in multiple charges of trade secret theft and economic espionage, underlined how intellectual property theft by insiders can evolve into major national security concerns.

For Google, the latest breach serves as another reminder that internal misuse, whether by employees or contractors remains a critical weak point. As the investigation continues, the company is expected to strengthen oversight across its global operations. Cybersecurity analysts emphasize that organizations managing large user platforms must combine strong technical barriers with vigilant monitoring of human behavior to prevent insider-led compromises before they escalate into large-scale risks.



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Payroll Company
Data Breach Email Hackers HR MFA Microsoft Payroll Company

Payroll Hackers Target U.S. Universities, Microsoft Warns

 



Microsoft researchers have surfaced a new phishing campaign where cybercriminals are stealing university employees’ salaries by redirecting their payroll deposits to accounts under their control. The group behind the attacks has been named “Storm-2657” by Microsoft.

The hackers have been carrying out these attacks since March 2025, targeting staff at multiple U.S. universities and organizations that use third-party HR and payroll platforms, including Workday.

According to Microsoft’s report, at least 11 employee accounts across three universities were compromised and later used to send phishing emails to nearly 6,000 individuals in 25 universities. The scale of the attack suggests a coordinated attempt to infiltrate university payroll systems through deception and stolen credentials.


How the Attack Works

The attackers send phishing emails that appear to come from legitimate university sources or human resources departments. These emails often carry urgent subjects like “COVID-Like Case Reported — Check Your Contact Status” or “Faculty Compliance Notice – Classroom Misconduct Report.”

When recipients click on the embedded links, they are redirected to fake login pages designed to steal their login details and multifactor authentication (MFA) codes. With these details, the hackers gain full access to the victim’s Workday or HR accounts.

Once inside, the criminals create inbox rules that automatically delete emails from Workday, particularly notifications about payroll or bank account changes, ensuring victims remain unaware of any tampering. They also register their own devices for MFA, allowing them to retain access even if the victim later changes their password.

This enables the attackers to quietly change the employee’s bank account information, diverting salary payments into accounts they control.


Broader Pattern of Business Email Compromise

Experts classify this as a variant of Business Email Compromise (BEC), a fraud method where attackers infiltrate or impersonate legitimate business accounts to redirect payments or steal sensitive data.

According to the FBI’s 2024 Internet Crime Report, BEC scams caused over $2 billion in losses last year alone. Many victims include corporations, suppliers, and even schools that handle large financial transactions through wire transfers or automated clearing house (ACH) systems.

In one notable 2024 case, cybercriminals stole $60 million from a major carbon products supplier, while a Tennessee school district also lost millions through similar fraudulent transfers.


Microsoft and Workday Respond

Microsoft said it has alerted affected institutions and shared recommendations to contain the threat. The company advised organizations to adopt phishing-resistant MFA options, monitor for suspicious inbox rules, and require extra verification for any changes to payroll details.

A Workday spokesperson also encouraged clients to strengthen their MFA policies and implement additional review steps before processing sensitive updates like salary or banking information.


Protecting Employees and Institutions

Cybersecurity experts emphasize the importance of employee awareness and vigilant reporting. Staff should avoid clicking on unsolicited HR emails and instead confirm any urgent requests directly with their university’s payroll or IT department.

With education institutions increasingly targeted by financially motivated hackers, proactive defenses and real-time verification remain the most effective safeguards against salary diversion scams.



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Phone
Android Apple Bank Accounts Cyber Security Data Email Identity Theft MFA Phone

Lost or Stolen Phone? Here’s How to Protect Your Data and Digital Identity

 



In this age, losing a phone can feel like losing control over your digital life. Modern smartphones carry far more than contacts and messages — they hold access to emails, bank accounts, calendars, social platforms, medical data, and cloud storage. In the wrong hands, such information can be exploited for financial fraud or identity theft.

Whether your phone is misplaced, stolen, or its whereabouts are unclear, acting quickly is the key to minimizing damage. The following steps outline how to respond immediately and secure your data before it is misused.


1. Track your phone using official recovery tools

Start by calling your number to see if it rings nearby or if someone answers. If not, use your device’s official tracking service. Apple users can access Find My iPhone via iCloud, while Android users can log in to Find My Device.

These built-in tools can display your phone’s current or last known location on a map, play a sound to help locate it, or show a custom message on the lock screen with your contact details. Both services can be used from another phone or a web browser. Avoid third-party tracking apps, which are often unreliable or insecure.


2. Secure your device remotely

If recovery seems unlikely or the phone may be in someone else’s possession, immediately lock it remotely. This prevents unauthorized access to your personal files, communication apps, and stored credentials.

Through iCloud’s “Mark as Lost” or Android’s “Secure Device” option, you can set a new passcode and display a message requesting the finder to contact you. This function also disables features like Apple Pay until the device is unlocked, protecting stored payment credentials.


3. Contact your mobile carrier without delay

Reach out to your mobile service provider to report the missing device. Ask them to suspend your SIM to block calls, texts, and data usage. This prevents unauthorized charges and, more importantly, stops criminals from intercepting two-factor authentication (2FA) messages that could give them access to other accounts.

Request that your carrier blacklist your device’s IMEI number. Once blacklisted, it cannot be used on most networks, even with a new SIM. If you have phone insurance, inquire about replacement or reimbursement options during the same call.


4. File an official police report

While law enforcement may not always track individual devices, filing a report creates an official record that can be used for insurance claims, fraud disputes, or identity theft investigations.

Provide details such as the model, color, IMEI number, and the time and place where it was lost or stolen. The IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) can be found on your phone’s box, carrier account, or purchase receipt.


5. Protect accounts linked to your phone

Once the device is reported missing, shift your focus to securing connected accounts. Start with your primary email, cloud services, and social media platforms, as they often serve as gateways to other logins.

Change passwords immediately, and if available, sign out from all active sessions using the platform’s security settings. Apple, Google, and Microsoft provide account dashboards that allow you to remotely sign out of all devices.

Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) on critical accounts if you haven’t already. This adds an additional layer of verification that doesn’t rely solely on your phone.

Monitor your accounts closely for unauthorized logins, suspicious purchases, or password reset attempts. These could signal that your data is being exploited.


6. Remove stored payment methods and alert financial institutions

If your phone had digital wallets such as Apple Pay, Google Pay, or other payment apps, remove linked cards immediately. Apple’s Find My will automatically disable Apple Pay when a device is marked as lost, but it’s wise to verify manually.

Android users can visit payments.google.com to remove cards associated with their Google account. Then, contact your bank or card issuer to flag the loss and monitor for fraudulent activity. Quick reporting allows banks to block suspicious charges or freeze affected accounts.


7. Erase your device permanently (only when recovery is impossible)

If all efforts fail and you’re certain the device won’t be recovered, initiate a remote wipe. This deletes all data, settings, and stored media, restoring the device to factory condition.

For iPhones, use the “Erase iPhone” option under Find My. For Androids, use “Erase Device” under Find My Device. Once wiped, you will no longer be able to track the device, but it ensures that your personal data cannot be accessed or resold.


Be proactive, not reactive

While these steps help mitigate damage, preparation remains the best defense. Regularly enable tracking services, back up your data, use strong passwords, and activate device encryption. Avoid storing sensitive files locally when possible and keep your operating system updated for the latest security patches.

Losing a phone is stressful, but being prepared can turn a potential disaster into a controlled situation. With the right precautions and quick action, you can safeguard both your device and your digital identity.



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VoidProxy
Adversary In The Middle CloudFlare Cyber Attacks Cybersecurity identity management MFA Multi Factor Authentication phishing Session Hijacking VoidProxy

VoidProxy Phishing Platform Emerges as Threat Capable of Bypassing MFA


 

Researchers in the field of cybersecurity are warning that a sophisticated phishing-as-a-service (PhaaS) platform known as VoidProxy is being used by criminal groups for the purpose of evading widespread security controls and is demonstrating just how far this technology has advanced in criminal groups' ability to circumvent widely deployed security controls. 

In the form of a specialised tool developed by cybercriminals to target high-value accounts neutralising the defences of multi-factor authentication (MFA), VoidProxy is specifically designed and marketed for cybercriminals. There is no question that VoidProxy, developed by researchers at Okta, the identity and access management company, is different from any other phishing kit out there. 

Rather than relying on advanced infrastructures and evasion techniques, it combines these attributes with commoditised accessibility to make it both effective and dangerous even for relatively low-skilled attackers. In particular, VoidProxy makes a great deal of sense because it relies heavily on adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) phishing, a method of intercepting authentication flows in real time, which makes it particularly alarming. 

Using this method, cybercriminals are not only able to capture credentials, but they can also take possession of multi-factor authentication codes and session tokens generated during legitimate sign-in transactions. By bypassing these common authentication methods, VoidProxy can bypass the security measures offered by SMS-based codes and one-time passwords from authenticator apps, which are typically relied upon by organisations and individuals as a last resort. 

When it comes to VoidProxy's infrastructure, it demonstrates a combination of sophistication and cost-effectiveness that is second to none. This phishing site is hosted by its operators using low-cost top-level domains like .icu, .sbs, .cfd, .xyz, .top, and .home, making it easy to use and easily trackable. It is also important to note that the phishing content, delivered through Cloudflare's reverse proxy services, further obscures the phishing site's actual infrastructure. 

It is a layering of concealment that ensures researchers and defenders cannot determine the true IP address. The combination of this layering of concealment, in combination with its highly deceptive email campaigns, makes VoidProxy one of the most troubling emergences in the phishing service industry. In spite of the fact that the operation has never been reported until now, it demonstrates a level of maturity that is not often found in other phishing kits. 

Researchers at OKTA found that VoidProxy is capable of scaling attacks against large groups of victims, targeting enterprise users, who represent an invaluable entry point for fraud and data theft. In order to intercept authentication traffic, the service inserts itself between the victim and the authenticating service, thereby intercepting authentication traffic. As soon as credentials and multi-factor authentication data are captured, attackers can gain persistent access to a victim’s account, bypassing any protections that would otherwise make it difficult for them to access their account. 

It was only after Okta’s FastPass technology, a passwordless authentication service, identified and blocked a suspicious sign-in attempt via VoidProxy’s proxy network that a discovery of this kind was made. Researchers were able to unravel a much larger ecosystem of campaigns as a result of that single discovery, revealing a set of administrative panels and dashboards that cybercriminals were renting access to the service through the use of this service.

In recent days, the senior vice president of threat intelligence at Okta, Brett Winterford, described VoidProxy as “an example of phishing infrastructure that has been observed in recent years.” Both its ability to bypass the multi-factor authentication and its elaborate anti-analysis mechanisms have been criticised by Winterford. 

The VoidProxy phishing kit offers many layers of obfuscation, which differs from traditional phishing kits that can often be dismantled by tracking servers and blocking malicious domains. Phishing lures are sent through compromised email accounts, multiple redirect chains that make analysis a challenge, Cloudflare CAPTCHA, Workers that inspect and filter incoming traffic, and dynamic DNS that ensures the infrastructure is fast-moving. 

Using these techniques, the operation remained a secret until Okta discovered the operation, but the sophistication of the kit extended far beyond its technical defences. There are many ways attackers can distribute VoidProxy campaigns. The first is by sending phishing emails from compromised accounts linked to legitimate marketing and communication systems, such as Constant Contact, Active Campaign, and Notify Visitors, that are connected to VoidProxy campaigns. 

It is based on the reputation of established service providers that these lures will have a higher probability of escaping spam filters, allowing them to reach the inboxes of targeted users as soon as they click through, providing credentials. VoidProxy's response depends on what authentication the victim has configured.

Users who authenticate through single sign-on (SSO) are forwarded to phishing websites that are designed to harvest additional information from users, while non-federated users are directed directly to legitimate Microsoft and Google servers, while the phishing sites are designed to harvest additional information from users. In the end, affiliates deployed VoidProxy to harvest cookies through the AiTM proxy, which is hosted on an ephemeral infrastructure supported by dynamic DNS, thereby completing the final stage of the attack. 

By hijacking authenticated sessions through session cookies, attackers are able to gain access to the same level of functionality as legitimate users without the need to submit credentials repeatedly. Therefore, attackers can operate undetected until security teams detect unusual behaviour, resulting in the attacker inheriting trusted access. 

In addition to its accessibility, VoidProxy offers an administrative panel that enables paying affiliates to monitor the progress of their campaigns, as well as victim data. Due to the ease with which advanced phishing campaigns are conducted, a broader set of actors—from organised cybercrime groups to less sophisticated attackers- can engage in them as they become more familiar with the technology. 

Despite the fact that VoidProxy is a new and dangerous entrant into the phishing landscape, researchers emphasise the fact that not all defences against it are ineffective. Authenticators which are phishing-resistant, such as hardware security keys, passkeys, and smart cards, are proven to be able to block attackers from hijacking credentials or signing in through proxy infrastructure by preventing the attack. 

As a result of the research conducted by OKTA, it has been demonstrated that users equipped with these advanced authentication systems are less likely to be hacked or to be compromised via VoidProxy, but most organisations continue to rely on weaker methods of multi-factor authentication, such as SMS codes, which leaves them vulnerable to data interception. 

It has been Okta's intention to inform Google and Microsoft of VoidProxy's operations, to share intelligence with its SaaS partners, as well as to issue a customer advisory in response to the discovery. In addition to adopting phishing-resistant authentication, the company recommended that enterprises also take a broad set of security measures. 

There are several ways to do this, including limiting access to devices and networks based on trust, monitoring sign-in behaviour for anomalies, and providing users with streamlined mechanisms for reporting suspicious emails or log-in attempts. Additionally, it is crucial to cultivate a culture of cybersecurity awareness at the company. 

Employees should be trained on how to recognise phishing emails, suspicious login prompts, and common social engineering techniques, which can often lead to compromise in the organisation. Additionally, VoidProxy's rise also demonstrates a wider industry problem that the industry faces today: the proliferation of platform-based PHaaS that commoditises advanced attack techniques into a commodity. 

Other kits, such as EvilProxy, which was first reported in 2022, and Salty2FA, which was discovered earlier this year, have also demonstrated similar capabilities to bypass multi-factor authentication and hijack sessions in the past few years. In each successive platform, the stakes are raised for defenders, as techniques that were once reserved for highly skilled adversaries have become widely accessible to anyone willing to pay for access, which has raised the stakes for defenders. 

By lowering the technical barrier, these services are increasing the pool of attackers, resulting in an increase in phishing campaigns that are more effective than ever before, harder to detect, and more persistent in nature, and have a greater impact. With the emergence of VoidProxy, a critical change has been wrought in the cyber threat landscape that calls for a new approach to enterprise security. 

Legacy defences that depend solely on passwords or basic multiple-factor authentication methods will not suffice in the face of such adaptive adversaries. As a result of these threats, organisations need to create layers of security strategies, which are combined with proactive resilience, in order to protect themselves. 

Authenticators that can resist phishing attacks are essential for protecting the network from cyber threats, but in addition to them, businesses must be able to detect anomalies continuously, implement rapid incident response capabilities, and train their employees adequately. Collaboration across the cybersecurity ecosystem is also crucial. 

There is nothing more important than the importance of intelligence-sharing between vendors, enterprises, and researchers, as early detection of emerging threats and coordinated action can significantly reduce the damage caused by them. 

In today's rapidly evolving PhaaS platforms, enterprises have to change their approach from reactive defence to proactive adaptation, ensuring they are not just prepared to withstand today's attacks, but also prepared to anticipate tomorrow's attacks. Getting the most out of security is crucial in a digital world where trust itself has become one of the main targets. To be secure, one must be able to maintain agility and resilience.
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