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spear phishing
AI Hacking Kimsuky Hacking Group LNKs malware us treasury PowerShell spear phishing

Kimsuky Brings AI Closer to Its Malware and Phishing Operations

 



North Korean cyber-espionage group Kimsuky appears to be moving beyond occasional use of public AI services by assembling a local artificial intelligence environment that could eventually support phishing, data analysis and malware development.

South Korean cybersecurity firm Genians identified the setup after months of monitoring infrastructure linked to Kimsuky, a hacking unit subordinate to North Korea's Reconnaissance General Bureau. Its investigation found multiple tools capable of running AI models locally, alongside document-retrieval software, AI development libraries, speech-to-text components and an AI-assisted coding environment.

Genians found no evidence that Kimsuky had trained its own AI model. Instead, the activity indicates that the group is experimenting with existing technologies and assembling the components needed to incorporate AI into its established espionage workflow.

Among the strongest evidence were Ollama, GPT4All and Msty, applications that can run or interact with language models locally. Genians said the tools appeared to have been configured or used rather than merely downloaded. Ollama had generated keys associated with its initial setup, while GPT4All contained a configured "localdocs_v3.db" database used by its LocalDocs retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) feature.

RAG allows an AI model to retrieve information from a private document collection while generating responses. The database indicates an attempt to connect documents available to the operator with an AI system, although Genians could not establish that the documents were stolen.

Researchers also recovered an operator request asking for a dataset to be examined for cryptocurrency wallet information, Gmail credentials and website-registration history. The request demanded detailed analysis, but investigators could not confirm that it had actually been submitted to an AI service.

The infrastructure contained further evidence of AI development. Genians found LLamaSharp, Microsoft's Semantic Kernel and Microsoft.Agents.AI, frameworks that can help developers integrate AI capabilities into C# and .NET applications. OpenAI Whisper files and documentation for extracting text from audio were also recovered, alongside traces of Cursor, an AI-powered coding editor.

None of these tools is inherently malicious. Their relevance comes from their deliberate assembly on infrastructure associated with a nation-state espionage group. Together, they could provide building blocks for automating software development, document processing, transcription and information analysis.

The activity is linked by Genians to Operation GitPower, a Kimsuky campaign that has used GitHub repositories as command-and-control channels in an LNK-to-PowerShell infection chain and distributed encrypted AsyncRAT payloads disguised as image files. Fortinet has separately documented GitHub-based command-and-control activity targeting South Korean users, supporting the wider technique family, although it does not independently verify Genians' newly discovered AI artifacts.

AI could also make Kimsuky's phishing campaigns harder to identify. Generative systems can reduce linguistic weaknesses such as poor grammar, awkward translations and formatting errors that defenders have historically used as phishing indicators.

Kimsuky has already demonstrated interest in generative AI. In 2025, Genians reported that the group used ChatGPT to create a fake South Korean military identification card for a spear-phishing campaign.

The latest discovery suggests a further step toward keeping AI capabilities within infrastructure controlled by the attackers. Local models can process information without relying on public AI services, potentially giving operators greater control over sensitive material and reducing dependence on external platforms.

Kimsuky has historically targeted governments, researchers, think tanks, academics and other organisations for intelligence collection. The U.S. Treasury sanctioned the group in 2023 and described it as subordinate to North Korea's Reconnaissance General Bureau.

However, the findings should not be overstated. Genians has not demonstrated that the local AI stack has been deployed against victims, trained a proprietary model or autonomously developed malware. No GitPower victim count has been disclosed, and Reuters reported that the findings could not be independently verified.

For defenders, Genians recommends correlating LNK execution, PowerShell activity, hidden scheduled tasks, GitHub communications and subsequent payload execution rather than relying primarily on the quality of a phishing email.

The immediate development is therefore less about autonomous AI hacking and more about preparation. Kimsuky appears to be assembling the infrastructure that could allow AI to become an integrated layer across its existing phishing, malware and intelligence-collection operations.


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Inforstealers
cybercrime gangs CyberSecurity Ransomware Attacks Cyble Cyble research Data Breach Data Leaks data misuse data security Inforstealers

Tanaka Emerges as Leading Data Leak Broker as Stolen Information Fuels Cybercrime

 

Ransomware attacks are undoubtedly one of the most notorious security threats today. Yet it seems that information itself has become a very popular target among cybercriminals. Particularly, the threat actor called Tanaka has appeared to be the most successful data dealer during the first half of 2026, according to the research conducted by Cyble. Overall, 367 confirmed cases of corporate data leaks or breaches happened worldwide during the first half of 2026, the experts from Cyble have found. 

While the activity of Tanaka appeared to be less prominent than that of many well-known ransomware groups, he has been the most active data dealer according to Cyble research. His activity has resulted in 25 leak posts, which is more than double than the number of posts of other famous data-leak organizations. The threat actor has been targeting organizations in various fields, pursuing different goals. While the Banking, Financial Services and Insurance sector remained the most attractive for criminals with 38 data breach incidents recorded, governments and technology companies have also been frequently targeted by Tanaka. 

It implies that data theft is no more limited by regional or economic factors and can happen to organizations of any size or any industry. In particular, Tanaka has been very active in North America, where 7 leak posts related to the criminal have been discovered this year. Meanwhile, Europe and the UK have witnessed 6 leak posts related to Tanaka, as well. In these regions, financial services, telecom, and retail companies have experienced the most significant challenges, as customer and financial data of these organizations are highly attractive to data prospectors. 

In general, data prospecting has become a significant threat to organizations worldwide, as there are now more opportunities to benefit from the data belonging to other organizations. It is a part of the ransomware attack chain, as ransomware criminals can use the data belonging to the victim as leverage to demand more significant ransoms. However, data extortion is not the only way to monetize data theft, as leaked databases can be further sold on dark web forums and marketplaces. 

In addition, the stolen data can be used for extortion, reconnaissance, and other nefarious purposes. It is necessary for companies to realize that the detection of one’s data being sold or showcased on underground forums should be treated as a serious security incident. It can be a sign of the potential ransomware attack, which should be responded to accordingly. Monitoring the dark web for signs of reconnaissance activities is one of the essential aspects of cybersecurity, which is why professionals may want to consider detecting their organization’s potential exposure to ransomware attackers.
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User Security
Digital Privacy Firefox Mobile Security Search Engine User Security

Firefox 153 Bakes Multi-Account Containers Into the Browser for Smarter Privacy

 

Firefox has long been praised for its privacy-first approach, but managing multiple digital identities used to require workarounds. With the July 2026 release of Firefox 153, Mozilla has natively integrated one of its most powerful privacy extensions—Multi-Account Containers—directly into the browser. This move eliminates the need for separate profiles, constant sign-ins, or third-party extensions, offering a seamless way to isolate browsing sessions within a single window. 

The core innovation lies in how Firefox Containers handle cookies and site data. Each container operates with its own isolated storage, meaning logging into one Google account in a “Work” container won’t interfere with a personal Gmail session in another. This separation prevents websites from sharing login states or tracking users across different contexts. For professionals juggling multiple accounts—be it for work, banking, or shopping—this feature drastically reduces friction while enhancing privacy. 

Setting up native Containers is straightforward. Users can right-click any tab or long-press the new tab button to access options like Personal, Work, Banking, and Shopping. Each container is color-coded and icon-tagged for easy identification, even when dozens of tabs are open. Links opened within a container stay within that container, preserving session isolation automatically. This intuitive design ensures that once configured, Containers operate quietly in the background without disrupting normal browsing habits.

Despite its advantages, the native implementation is still in preview and lacks some features found in the original extension. Notably, automatic site assignment—where specific domains always open in a designated container—is absent. Cross-device sync and integration with VPN or proxy services are also missing. However, for most users, the built-in version offers sufficient functionality without the overhead of installing and maintaining an add-on. Mozilla’s decision to embed this tool natively lowers the barrier to entry, making advanced privacy accessible to a broader audience. 

Firefox’s native Containers represent a significant step forward in user-centric privacy design. By isolating digital identities at the browser level, Mozilla empowers users to compartmentalize their online lives without sacrificing convenience. While not a complete anonymity solution—Containers don’t hide IP addresses or prevent fingerprinting—they complement existing protections like Enhanced Tracking Protection and Private Browsing. For anyone seeking better control over their digital footprint, Firefox 153’s built-in Containers offer a practical, powerful, and privacy-respecting browsing experience.
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Organization Security
AI Gen Threat GenAI malware Organization Security

Gen Threat Report Highlights H1 Global Threat Landscape


The Gen Threat Report is a twice-a-year analysis of the largest cyber threats impacting the digital threat landscape, providing a detailed insight into the trends impacting customers globally. The H1 report has provided some key insights. 

“The strongest pattern in the first half of 2026 was the way different threats converged around trust. Scams, account takeovers, malicious packages and AI agents all moved closer to the systems, workflows and permissions people already rely on,” said the report. 

46% of Gen threat findings were scams, whereas malvertising amounted for 30%. Gen stopped 114.2 million e-commerce scams and 20.3 million tech support scams.

These numbers are important, but they fit different kinds of scams into a few categories. A discovery does not reveal how the first trap became script execution, or how the script turned into a proxy change or browser, or how a wallet address was changed before the target verified a transaction.

Two important H1 findings

Two H1 investigations should be looked at in-depth. The first is a banking-malware campaign initiated with hacked corporate mailboxes and finished with browser manipulation and proxy. 

In the second finding, a cryptocurrency campaign deployed a Rust-based clipper and got C2 infrastructure pointers from Binance Smart Chain. 

The payloads are distinct, but none of the campaigns relied on breaking the genuine system at user end. The banking malware used a genuine account to set the trap whereas the clipper allowed the blockchain record an authentic transaction after modifying the local destination address.

Where did the business email come from

The banking campaign attacked users in Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Czechia. The lures appeared to be genuine business emails such as invoice messages, scanned document verifications, and shipment notices. 

In various incidents, the texts were sent from hacked corporate mailboxes. The email was not designed to appear as if it came from an authentic organization. The emails were sent from an authentic account that threat actors had already hacked. 

DKIM and SPF can still sail through when a message is sent via genuine infrastructure, whereas reputation systems may spot a sender with an authentic history. 

The attachment deployed a JavaScript dropper, and then the chain travelled via PowerShell stages before reaching banking functionality and shellcode. The available signs indicate at GepyS.

The malware changed proxy settings and deployed a browser add-on, positioning itself nearby to the target’s banking session.

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Voice Phishing
Corporate Data Theft Cybersecurity Incident Data Breach Levi Strauss Cyberattack Social Engineering Attack UNC6671 Voice Phishing

Levi Strauss & Co. Confirms Hackers Stole Corporate Data in Cyberattack

Levi Strauss & Co. (Levi’s) has announced a cybersecurity incident involving an unauthorized third party who used social engineering to access the company's systems and exfiltrate corporate information from the systems of three employees. The clothing giant disclosed the incident in its filing with the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). According to the SEC's investigation, certain corporate information was accessed and exfiltrated during the attack. 

Several employees were targeted by the attackers through social engineering, which gave them access to their systems without their consent. Levi Strauss has not disclosed the precise social engineering technique used by the threat actor, or whether the threat actor made any extortion demands, but this incident specifically affected three company-provided computers. Levi Strauss stated that its security teams responded quickly to contain and terminate the unauthorized access. 

According to Levi Strauss' preliminary investigation, it is not believed that customer information has been stolen. In addition, the company stated that the incident did not disrupt operations for the company. Levi Strauss stated in its SEC filing that, based on preliminary findings from the Company's investigation, it believes that some corporate information has been accessed and exfiltrated as a result of the incident. Levi Strauss expects the incident to have no material impact on the company's financial position or business based on its preliminary findings so far. Levi Strauss will provide additional notifications as additional information becomes available. 

The Levi Strauss & Co. (Levi’s) apparel company, one of the world's most recognizable companies, employs approximately 19,000 people and operates over 3,300 stores. The products are also available through third parties and online platforms. Levi Strauss has not identified the threat actor responsible for the intrusion or revealed whether the company received any extortion demands from the attacker. Unconfirmed reports suggest that the hacker may have been associated with UNC6671, a hacking group that has been associated with recent voice phishing attacks. 

According to Levi Strauss, the attribution has not been confirmed, and it remains unclear what tactics were employed in the attack. There is a general indication that the Levi Strauss incident occurred at the same time as a broader wave of voice phishing and social engineering attacks targeting major organizations. 

According to Google and other internet intelligence sources consulted by Reuters, ransom-seeking attackers were attempting to compromise victims through phone calls in recent weeks by targeting dozens of prominent financial institutions and other organizations in the United States. Levi Strauss was among more than 200 companies targeted with digital traps over the course of five weeks with the same intelligence. Levi Strauss has not confirmed the possible connection, and the attackers, the specific corporate information stolen, and the method of targeting employees are still under investigation. 

Despite the company's assertion that customer information was not compromised, the incident demonstrates the continuing threat posed by social engineering and phishing attacks. Organizations continue to be vulnerable when attackers can manipulate employees into providing access to corporate systems and information. 

In response to the attackers' attempt to gain access to the compromised computers, the company immediately responded and contained them. Levi Strauss has not reported any interruption to its business operations and does not believe the incident has, or is reasonably likely to have, a material impact on its financial or business position at this time. 

Despite the breach, Levi Strauss has not reported any operational impacts and continues to investigate the incident. Levi Strauss' incident illustrates the growing threat of voice-phishing and social engineering attacks against large corporations. Although the company has indicated that the customer data was not compromised, the ongoing investigation emphasizes the need for employee awareness, access controls, and rapid response to targeted cyberattacks to limit their impact.
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Fake Videos
AI misinformation China floods Cyber Fraud Disaster Rumors Fake Videos

China's New Challenge: Fake AI Videos During Natural Disasters

 

As China grapples with intensified storms and flooding over recent months, authorities face an unexpected secondary crisis: a surge of AI-generated fake videos flooding social media platforms. These manipulated clips, ranging from fabricated rescue operations to false claims of casualties, are causing real-world panic and complicating emergency response efforts. 

The misinformation wave includes highly realistic but entirely synthetic content. Videos have depicted bodies floating in floodwaters, crocodiles escaping into rivers, and collapsed infrastructure in areas untouched by disasters. Some creators edit overseas or historical footage, stripping watermarks and altering subtitles to present old events as current emergencies. Others use generative AI tools to produce convincing scenes of overflowing dams, emergency vehicles, and even fictional witness interviews.

This deluge has tangible consequences. In certain regions, false videos claiming imminent power outages triggered panic buying of emergency supplies. Misleading content about rescue operations has undermined public trust in official responses. The Chinese government has identified specific cases, such as a flood rescue video and footage of "released crocodiles," as examples of AI-generated material deliberately misrepresenting the situation to mislead the public. 

Government crackdown and enforcement 

In response, Chinese authorities launched a nationwide campaign on July 23 to remove illegal and harmful disaster-related online content. The Cyberspace Administration of China and the Ministry of Emergency Management issued a joint notice targeting misleading footage, recycled reports, fabricated data, fake official announcements, and AI-generated material. Police have arrested and penalized numerous individuals, with punishments ranging from detention to fines. Under the "Clean Net 2026" campaign, the Ministry of Public Security's Cybersecurity Bureau detailed 20 cases involving AI tools used to create fake videos, repackaged flood footage from other regions, and fabricated disaster claims to attract online traffic. 

One notable case involved a 45-year-old man from Chengde, Hebei province, who created an AI-generated video claiming heavy rain caused ground collapse in Kuancheng county, sending vehicles into water. Posted on WeChat to gain followers, the video triggered widespread online discussion, caused local panic, and disrupted flood prevention efforts. 

Experts attribute the problem to dramatic advances in generative artificial intelligence. Modern AI systems can now generate highly convincing disaster scenes, imitate news broadcasts, and produce realistic content with minimal technical skill. As Professor Chen Bing noted in an article for the Central Party School's Study Times, the barrier to creating rumors has significantly lowered: content generators need only capture hot topics and use AI tools to rapidly produce text, images, audio, and video, with even "one-sentence commands" yielding deceptive information that fuels mass rumor production. 

Social media platforms face pressure to strengthen content review mechanisms. Authorities urge the public to approach disaster-related information from unknown sources with skepticism and rely on official announcements. Police emphasize trusting accredited sources during emergencies, though identifying AI-generated content remains increasingly difficult. As Typhoon Maysak and other recent weather events continue to affect regions like Guangxi province—where at least four died and 62,000 were evacuated—the battle against misinformation has become as critical as the physical disaster response itself.
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PINs
ATMs Bank of Baroda CERT-In Dark Web Leak Data Breach Data Regulation NetBanking OTPs PINs

Bank of Baroda Data Breach: What We Know About the Alleged 1TB Dark Web Leak

 



Bank of Baroda has confirmed a cybersecurity incident involving a compromised employee email account after reports emerged that nearly 1TB of data allegedly linked to the state-owned lender had been published on the Dark Web.

The bank said the compromised account resulted in unauthorised access to certain data, but clarified that its core banking systems were not accessed and continue to remain secure. It said the incident was identified promptly, containment measures were implemented, and a comprehensive forensic investigation has been launched in coordination with relevant authorities.

The confirmation followed reports from the X account DailyDarkWeb and cybersecurity researcher Srikanth Lakshmanan, founder of CashlessConsumer, who flagged an alleged large-scale data dump connected to Bank of Baroda.

According to the claims, the dataset contains personal and corporate banking records, including savings and current account information, loan records, NetBanking users, NRI and corporate banking services, customer-support documents, and records linked to branches and ATMs. Reports from researchers also said the material included customer details, identification documents and internal audit records.

Samples and download links were reportedly shared alongside the threat actor's claim of possessing approximately 1TB of data.

However, the size of the alleged dataset has not been independently established by Bank of Baroda. Reuters reported that the Dark Web listing was advertised as a cache exceeding 700GB based on metadata analysis conducted by Lakshmanan. The number of customers whose information may have been exposed also remains unknown.

This distinction is important. The appearance of a large archive online does not, by itself, establish that every file originated from Bank of Baroda or that the entire advertised volume was successfully exfiltrated from the bank.


What allegedly appeared in the data dump?

The initial claims described a wide range of banking information. This reportedly included savings and current account records, loan-related documents, NetBanking information, NRI and corporate banking records, customer-support material, and branch and ATM data.

Other reports said samples contained highly sensitive information such as Aadhaar details, customer names, loan documents and other identity-related records. Some reports citing the claims placed the number of customer application forms potentially involved between 100,000 and 300,000. These figures remain allegations and have not been confirmed by Bank of Baroda.

Lakshmanan also shared screenshots that he said showed the root folder of the alleged data dump and reported that the download link was active. He described the incident as a "cyber disaster" and called for the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) to consider disconnecting the bank's systems while the extent of the compromise was investigated.

At the time of those warnings, the source and method of the alleged data theft were unclear.

Bank of Baroda's subsequent statement has now provided an important piece of that picture.


Employee email account was the confirmed entry point

According to the bank, the confirmed incident involved the compromise of an employee's email account. The account was then used to obtain unauthorised access to certain data.

Bank of Baroda has not disclosed how the email account was compromised, what specific files were accessed, or whether all of the data advertised on the Dark Web originated through that account.

The lender has, however, clearly stated that its core banking systems were not accessed and remain secure.

That distinction matters because compromising an employee's email account is not the same as compromising the systems that process customer transactions.

At the same time, an email account inside a large financial institution can provide access to highly sensitive material. Depending on the employee's role and permissions, an account may contain customer correspondence, loan documents, identity records, internal reports or links to shared resources.

The incident therefore demonstrates how an attacker may be able to obtain valuable financial information without directly breaching the core platform responsible for banking transactions.


Customer risk extends beyond stolen funds

There is currently no public evidence that the alleged incident allowed attackers to directly access customer balances or manipulate transactions. Bank of Baroda has specifically said that its core banking systems were not accessed.

The potential exposure of personal and financial records nevertheless creates a separate risk.

Information such as customer names, identity documents, account-related details and loan records could give criminals material for highly targeted phishing and impersonation attempts. A scammer with genuine information about a customer's banking relationship can make fraudulent calls, emails or messages appear far more credible.

Customers should therefore be particularly cautious of communications claiming to originate from Bank of Baroda and requesting OTPs, passwords, PINs, card information or remote access to devices.

The reported leak should not automatically be interpreted as evidence that customer funds have been compromised. The more immediate concern, if the exposed records are genuine, is the possibility of follow-on fraud using information that customers would normally expect their bank to protect.


Forensic investigation now underway

Bank of Baroda said it has initiated a comprehensive forensic investigation to establish the nature and extent of the incident. The bank also said it is working with relevant authorities in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements.

Several key questions remain unanswered.

Investigators will need to determine how the employee's email account was compromised, what information was accessible through it, how much data was actually accessed or exfiltrated, and whether the Dark Web archive corresponds to the confirmed incident.

The investigation will also need to establish how many customers, if any, were affected.

The incident has already generated financial implications for the lender. The Economic Times reported that Bank of Baroda notified a preliminary cyber-insurance claim under a programme with total coverage of approximately ₹750 crore, with National Insurance Company serving as the lead insurer. The notification is an intimation of loss while the forensic investigation continues and does not represent a confirmed ₹750 crore loss.

The financial consequences of a data breach can extend beyond direct theft. Forensic investigations, remediation, legal costs, regulatory responses, customer support and other incident-response expenses can all contribute to the eventual cost.


Regulatory questions remain

The incident also places renewed attention on cybersecurity controls within India's banking sector.

CERT-In's directions under Section 70B of the Information Technology Act establish requirements for information-security practices, incident response and cyber-incident reporting.

Bank of Baroda has said it is cooperating with relevant authorities, although the public details of its regulatory notifications have not been disclosed.

For now, the most important distinction is between what has been confirmed and what remains alleged.

Bank of Baroda has confirmed that an employee's email account was compromised and that the incident resulted in unauthorised access to certain data. It has also confirmed that its core banking systems were not accessed.

The claim that approximately 1TB of Bank of Baroda information was leaked, the precise contents of the Dark Web archive, and the number of customers potentially affected remain subject to investigation.

What began as an alarming Dark Web claim has therefore evolved into a confirmed security incident with an unresolved scope. The forensic investigation will determine whether the reported hundreds of gigabytes of banking information represent the full extent of the compromise, a smaller subset of genuine Bank of Baroda data, or a mixture of both.

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Malware attacks
Cyber Security cybersecurity vulnerability Discord Discord security incident Malicious actor Malware attacks

Meccha Chameleon Vulnerability Allowed Malware to Spread Through Steam Workshop Maps

 

A security vulnerability in the game Meccha Chameleon enabled malicious custom maps stored on Steam Workshop to infect users with malware. The vulnerability was patched by the game’s developers, who noted that the issue was related to the custom content feature. The issue was initially uncovered when some players reported that a command prompt window was flashing as Steam was downloading a custom workshop map. 

Security researcher Feint investigated the matter and found that one of the maps entitled Laser Tag Neon had the ability to deploy malware dropper despite having passed the Steam Workshop review process. Feint shared his findings on social media, noting that another map entitled Chroma Grid Arena had replaced the malicious content, which indicated that the threat was still present.

It appears that the vulnerability could enable threat actors to utilize the game’s custom workshop feature to deploy malware onto users’ computers disguised as legitimate content. Meccha Chameleon developer Haganeiro confirmed that the issue had been resolved in version 3.1.0. He noted that the malware had been disabled both prior to the update and following its deployment, thus limiting the potential impact of the vulnerability. 

The vulnerability was part of a larger security incident that involved the game’s Discord server, which housed 90 thousand members. The server was hacked, with the attacker rewriting its permissions and removing the developer team from the server. According to lemorion_1224, the Discord compromise occurred when the system administrator’s computer was infected with malware during the mitigation efforts of the vulnerability. The attacker was able to bypass the two-factor authentication of the server and modify its settings, banning several members of the development team. 

It was revealed that the compromised machine belonged to the backup server, and it was later wiped clean. The developer warned the community against clicking the suspicious links that were distributed via the hacked discord server while mitigation measures were being implemented. It appears that a wide range of potential attack surfaces could be utilized to threaten the community. Gaming platforms have a diverse range of threat surfaces that can be utilized by attackers to compromise users’ computers. 

In addition to the game binaries themselves, the custom content and third-party tools such as Discord can be threatened. Players should ensure they have the latest versions of the software and avoid interacting with suspicious links or content.
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Thomson Reuters
Credit Card data security ICE Privacy Thomson Reuters

ICE Can Now Buy Your Credit Card Information

Every time you apply for a credit card or update your account details, you may be sharing your data with ICE.

A research by 404 Media said that personal information stored by credit card firms can sail through a network of data brokers and can become accessible to US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). ICE can then search and investigate your personal data without any warrant. 

“No one signing up for a credit card thinks they’re giving data brokers a thumbs-up to sell their personal information to ICE. Not only is it an outrageous violation of our privacy, [but] it’s impossible for Americans to opt out,” Senator Ron Wyden said to 404 Media in a statement. 

What private information is compromised?

According to 404 media, when someone opens a credit card or updates their personal data, credit card firms share that data with credit bureaus. 

The personal information consists of Social Security numbers, addresses and email addresses, names, and phone numbers. Contrary to credit reports, this data does not have robust legal security. 

Personal information is then sent to credit bureaus, who give the data to Thompson Reuters. From there, the data is incorporated into CLEAR, the firm’s investigative data product. Thomson Reuters sells access to CLEAR to law enforcement authorities, including ICE.

After gaining access to CLEAR, ICE can search through personal information without a warrant. "404 Media has mapped out this supply of data by reviewing U.S. government procurement records and internal documents from companies providing the information." The platform is also combined with a tool that suggests ICE to decide which neighbourhoods to raid. 

"Anytime we update our home addresses on these accounts, credit bureaus get the updates within 24 hours and share it broadly with other data brokers, thanks to legal loopholes that leave our personal information open to misuse and abuse," Just Futures attorney Laura Rivera said to 404 Media.

Thomson Reuters providing personal data to US government

Another report enquired Thompson Reuter’s increasing role in providing personal data to the US Government.

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is planning to pay Thomson Reuters $125 million to give access to its databases as part of enquiries into suspected immigration fraud and voter fraud. The agreement will be worth $25 million annually for five years respectively.

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Webmail Security
AI Email Attacks Authentication Tokens CSS Attacks CSS Vulnerabilities email security Password Theft Vulnerabilities and Exploits Webmail Security

New CSS Attacks Expose Webmail Users to Passord and Token Theft


In new research, CSS-based attacks have been discovered that can bypass security protections in webmail services, allowing attackers to steal passwords, authentication tokens, and other sensitive data. In order to demonstrate the ability of malicious email content to interact with trusted elements within a webmail interface, these techniques demonstrate how their contents can escape their intended boundaries. 

Gareth Heyes, PortSwigger researcher, presented the study at Black Hat USA 2026. The research examined attack chains with Outlook, Gmail, Fastmail, Proton Mail, Yahoo Mail, and AOL Mail. There has been no report of proof-of-concept attacks being used in the wild, however researchers have warned that vulnerabilities in the way webmail platforms handle HTML and CSS may pose serious security risks. 

In one of the most significant demonstrations, researchers were able to disguise a select element as a password field by combining HTML elements, CSS manipulation, and browser behavior. Through the use of this technique, a victim could enter a password into what appeared to be a genuine Microsoft login interface and be captured as a result. 

An underlying problem stems from the fact that webmail platforms allow untrusted HTML and CSS to be displayed within an otherwise trusted interface. It was discovered that attackers could either take advantage of CSS features already allowed by webmail services or exploit the gap between what the sanitizer approves and what the browser actually renders by exploiting the sanitizer. There are also instances in which applications can utilize JavaScript to create new DOM elements with CSS properties that weren't included in the original allowlist of the sanitizer, resulting in the malicious email content escaping its intended boundaries.

Researchers discovered that Yahoo Mail and AOL Mail were vulnerable to a different vulnerability involving pasted HTML Researchers showed how CSS remains active for a short period of time before sanitization allows the attacker to extract portions of an email login token. A 12-character token can then be reconstructed and used to access the victim's account. A CSS selector can be used to determine which digits appear in an email when Content Security Policy prevents an email from making conventional external requests. 

Using CSS selectors, an attacker can identify which digits appear in an email as well as how frequently they occur. By carefully positioning the links so that only the matching option is visible, the attacker-controlled server will receive the inferred information with only one click, without the need for JavaScript. During the Gmail attack, users were required to ask Cowork to process their affected emails, after which the malicious instructions embedded within the message influenced the way the AI system handled the account information. 

During the demonstration, prompt injection, along with email content, demonstrated how the legitimate access of an AI assistant can be turned into a path to expose sensitive tokens, particularly when the assistant has the ability to read messages and write email drafts. A similar attack against the Atlas browser of OpenAI was demonstrated with Fastmail.

In CSS techniques, malicious instructions are concealed from the user while being visible to the artificial intelligence system, demonstrating that differences in how web content is interpreted by human and machine are potentially dangerous, leading to new attack opportunities. Moreover, the researchers identified techniques for manipulating trusted interface actions, bypassing certain content restrictions, and revealing information, such as the time an email was viewed or the IP address of the recipient, in one Proton Mail demonstration. 

Researchers also demonstrated the potential for revealing the recipient's IP address using Proton Mail's tracker-protection mechanisms. As a result of Proton Mail's tracker-protection mechanism, email senders are not able to obtain the IP address of a user and the precise time of email open, the demonstrated bypass illustrates yet again the vulnerability of CSS and webmail rendering behavior to undermine privacy. 

Fastmail was reported to have fixed two CSS mutation vulnerabilities at the time of publication, while the Proton Mail proxy bypass demonstrated at the time was not observed during retesting. However, the Outlook label-jacking technique and Gmail's image-set() bypass remain effective as of August 6. Additionally, the research did not establish whether all aspects of the Outlook password capture chain had been resolved. 

According to the researchers, HTML email should be contained within sandboxed iframes, strict CSS allowlists should be applied, dangerous selectors and select menus should be blocked, custom attributes should be examined for CSS-based attack gadgets and attacker-controlled image requests should be prevented. As traditional content-sanitization defenses face increasingly sophisticated CSS-based attacks, webmail security is becoming increasingly complex. 

With the advent of artificial intelligence assistants having access to email inboxes and other connected services, providers should strengthen their isolation and rendering controls in order to prevent malicious email content from becoming an avenue for credential theft as well as data exposure.


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WiFi
Credential stealing fake network FBI Hotel Wi-Fi Attacks https MFA Phishing travel VPN WiFi

Think Hotel Wi-Fi Is Safe? Hackers Have Several Ways to Prove You Wrong

 



For many travelers, connecting to hotel Wi-Fi is one of the first things they do after checking in. But while some guests use the network for banking and work, others avoid sensitive activity unless they are connected through a VPN.

So, how safe is hotel Wi-Fi?

Cybersecurity experts say the answer is more nuanced than simply calling public Wi-Fi dangerous. Modern encryption has reduced many of the risks associated with public networks, but hotel Wi-Fi can still expose travelers to rogue networks, phishing attacks, poorly configured infrastructure and vulnerable devices.

In many cases, the biggest risk may not be the network itself, but how the user connects to and behaves on it.


The first risk can come from a fake network

Security analyst Udaya Vemuri advises travelers to be cautious about joining a network simply because its name appears to belong to the hotel.

Attackers can create fake Wi-Fi networks with names almost identical to legitimate hotel networks. The technique, known as an "evil twin" attack, can trick guests into connecting to an attacker-controlled access point.

The FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center warned about this threat in a 2020 advisory, noting that criminals can create networks resembling legitimate hotel Wi-Fi and potentially monitor activity or redirect victims to fraudulent login pages. The agency also warned that hotel guests have limited control over the security of the infrastructure they are using, which may prioritize convenience over stronger security practices.

Travelers should therefore confirm the exact Wi-Fi name with hotel staff before connecting rather than selecting the network that merely looks familiar.


Simply sharing a network does not mean you are compromised

Dahvid Schloss, chief operating officer of cybersecurity firm Suzu Labs and a former government hacker who has security-tested hotel chains, takes a less alarmist view.

Schloss compares hotel Wi-Fi with other public networks, such as those in coffee shops. In his assessment, the likelihood of being attacked simply because another malicious user is connected to the same network is low.

That distinction matters because the common image of hackers automatically reading passwords from public Wi-Fi is outdated.

The Federal Trade Commission says most websites now use encryption, meaning information sent between a device and a legitimate website is generally protected even when the underlying network is public. HTTPS can therefore provide substantial protection against traffic interception.

However, HTTPS does not prove that a website is legitimate. Attackers can create encrypted fraudulent websites and use phishing or redirection to persuade victims to submit credentials.

This means a traveler can still be exposed even when the connection itself appears encrypted.


Fake hotel portals can steal credentials

Hotels commonly use captive portals that redirect guests to a webpage after they connect to Wi-Fi. These pages may request a room number, surname, email address or access code.

Because travelers expect this process, attackers can imitate it.

A rogue network may display a fake hotel login page or redirect users to a fraudulent Microsoft 365, email or banking page. In such cases, the attacker does not necessarily need to break encryption. The victim may simply be tricked into providing the information.

This makes phishing and social engineering an important part of the hotel Wi-Fi threat.


Network security is not a perfect guarantee

Recent research also shows why travelers should not assume that network-level protections make public Wi-Fi completely secure.

Researchers at the University of California, Riverside reported in February 2026 that weaknesses in Wi-Fi client isolation can, under certain conditions, allow attackers to bypass protections designed to prevent devices on the same network from interacting with one another.

Their AirSnitch research demonstrated techniques that could potentially allow an attacker to intercept or manipulate traffic despite client isolation.

The findings do not mean every hotel network is vulnerable, but they reinforce an important point: users should not rely entirely on the security mechanisms implemented by a public network.


Your device can be the weakest link

Both experts place considerable emphasis on user behavior.

Schloss argues that laptops can be particularly vulnerable to poor security habits because they are frequently used to download files, install software and access corporate systems. Smartphones are not immune, but their operating systems often impose stronger application restrictions.

The FBI recommends updating operating systems and applications before travel, keeping security software current, backing up important data, disabling Bluetooth when unnecessary and preventing devices from automatically reconnecting to public networks.

Automatic reconnection is particularly important because a device may join a previously saved network without the user consciously verifying that it is legitimate.

Browser warnings should also never be ignored. A certificate warning, unexpected redirect or request to install software can indicate that something is wrong with the connection or destination.


Use cellular data for sensitive activity

Vemuri takes a more cautious approach when handling sensitive information. For banking, work systems and other private activity, he uses a mobile hotspot instead of hotel Wi-Fi. When hotel Wi-Fi is unavoidable, he keeps devices updated, enables multifactor authentication and avoids sensitive tasks.

The FBI similarly recommends using a phone's hotspot instead of hotel Wi-Fi when possible, particularly for sensitive activity and telework.

A cellular hotspot is not completely immune to cyber threats, but it removes the user from the hotel's shared wireless environment and reduces exposure to risks associated with public Wi-Fi.


A VPN and MFA can add protection

For travelers who need to use hotel Wi-Fi, a reputable VPN can provide another layer of security by encrypting traffic between the device and the VPN provider. The FBI recommends reputable VPNs for telework over hotel Wi-Fi.

A VPN is not a substitute for other security measures, however. It cannot prevent phishing, malware downloads or users from voluntarily entering credentials into fraudulent websites.

Multifactor authentication can limit the damage if a password is compromised. The FBI recommends MFA for sensitive accounts and advises users to enable login notifications so suspicious activity can be detected quickly.

Travelers should configure MFA before leaving home rather than waiting until they are already on the road.


What travelers should do

Before connecting to hotel Wi-Fi, users should:

  1. Confirm the legitimate network name with hotel staff.
  2. Update their operating system, browser and applications.
  3. Disable automatic connection to public networks.
  4. Enable MFA and account security alerts.
  5. Use a cellular hotspot for banking and highly sensitive activity where possible.
  6. Use a reputable VPN for sensitive work when hotel Wi-Fi is unavoidable.
  7. Verify the website address and HTTPS before entering credentials.
  8. Avoid unfamiliar downloads or software updates prompted by Wi-Fi portals.
  9. Disable Bluetooth when it is not needed.
  10. Never bypass browser security warnings.


So, is hotel Wi-Fi safe?

Hotel Wi-Fi is not automatically dangerous, but it should not be treated as a trusted network either.

Simply sharing a network with an attacker does not mean a modern device will automatically be compromised, particularly when legitimate services use encryption. At the same time, rogue access points, fake captive portals, phishing, vulnerable devices and weaknesses in network isolation can create opportunities for attackers.

For routine browsing, an updated device using legitimate HTTPS websites can be reasonably protected. For banking, corporate systems and other highly sensitive activity, using a cellular hotspot remains the more cautious option.

The practical rule for travelers is simple: do not panic about hotel Wi-Fi, but do not trust it blindly either. Verify the network, secure your devices and accounts, and keep sensitive activity off shared networks whenever possible.

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User Privacy
Abortion Data Leak Data Breach Financial crime ShinyHunters User Privacy

ShinyHunters Data Leaks Fuel $2,000 Sextortion Email Scam

 

Cybercriminals are exploiting email addresses exposed in previous ShinyHunters data leaks to conduct a new sextortion campaign demanding $2,000 in Bitcoin. The fraudulent messages falsely claim that ShinyHunters compromised victims’ phones and computers, accessed their cameras and microphones, and recorded them visiting adult websites. However, the campaign appears to involve unrelated scammers who downloaded previously leaked information and are using it to make their threats appear credible. 

The emails reportedly use random sender addresses and names such as “ShinyHunters” or “You’ve Been HACKED.” Their subject line commonly reads “Information about your online security.” In the messages, attackers mention companies whose databases were previously exposed, including Amtrak, Hallmark, Substack, Betterment, CarGurus, ADT, Panera Bread, and McGraw Hill. By identifying a company connected to the recipient’s email address, scammers attempt to create the impression that they specifically targeted the victim. 

The scam messages claim that attackers installed malware capable of accessing a victim’s microphone, camera, keyboard, photographs, browsing history, conversations, and contact list. They then threaten to send allegedly recorded intimate videos to the recipient’s family, friends, colleagues, and business contacts unless payment is made within 48 hours. The emails also instruct recipients not to contact law enforcement, reply, or reset their devices, claiming that stolen data is stored on remote servers. These warnings are intimidation tactics rather than evidence of a genuine device compromise. 

According to the report, the campaign may have begun in April, with victims and organizations sharing similar warnings online. Betterment acknowledged that some customers received threatening emails and described them as a common extortion scam. The company emphasized that knowing someone’s email address does not give criminals the ability to install malware or access that person’s device. It advised recipients not to reply, pay, click links, or open attachments, while asking anyone who interacted with the message to contact its fraud team. 

People receiving these emails should remain calm and avoid paying the Bitcoin demand, because payment does not guarantee that scammers will stop contacting them. Recipients should preserve the message as evidence, report it to their email provider and relevant cybercrime authorities, then delete it after checking for suspicious account activity. They should also use unique passwords, enable multifactor authentication, update devices, and monitor accounts associated with the exposed email address. The campaign demonstrates how data stolen in one breach can later be reused by unrelated criminals to support convincing but false threats.
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Digital Privacy Risks
Cyber Security Data Privacy Risks Data protection data security Digital Privacy Digital Privacy Risks

GrapheneOS Duress Feature Puts Digital Privacy and Evidence Laws to the Test

 

A federal case concerning a local Atlanta activist is fueling controversy over privacy issues relating to cell phone searches and whether simply wiping data from a device qualifies as destroying evidence. The case involves GrapheneOS, an open-source privacy-focused customized Android OS that utilizes the so-called duress PIN/password to permanently delete data from a phone if the correct code is entered by investigators. 

GrapheneOS developers describe their creation’s features on the project’s website, noting that it includes a “duress PIN/password” that causes the phone to immediately wipe all user data and any eSIMs from the device when the “wrong” passcode is entered at the time of credential prompt. According to court records, and reports by the press, in January 2025, Samuel Tunick, an Atlanta-based activist, was taken into custody by the US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agents at the airport in Atlanta upon his return from the Dominican Republic. 

It seems Tunick was questioned by the customs officials several times and eventually gave them a password to his phone. His phone was wiped immediately after he entered the code. Samuel now faces charges brought by federal prosecutors who alleged that he “conspired to destroy property of the United States.” The defense is arguing that the search was not lawful; the activist was not informed of his constitutional rights and was not allowed to contact a lawyer. 

Additionally, Samuel’s attorney points out that Tunick was accused of possessing child sexual abuse material, and the only reason why he was searched was because of his activism surrounding the Stop Cop City movement. It is worth noting that privacy and security specialists have raised concerns regarding the matter and regard it as an important precedent. The GrapheneOS Foundation, an entity that maintains the software, has stated that it believed that its customized Android OS features “security capabilities that are appropriate and legitimate.” 

Some experts suggest that even if Tunick did wipe his phone, there is no way investigators could prove that he did not do so because of his decision to employ GrapheneOS. The case creates grounds for debate about the potential for cell phone software to create challenges for law enforcement. In particular, the case’s outcome will set a legal precedent about whether a device owner’s intentional interference with a search (by wiping data) constitutes evidence tampering. 

GrapheneOS itself is a valid privacy-centric OS, but the case concerning the Atlanta activist will shape the jurisprudence surrounding the wiping of cell phone data by users and the extent to which such action may be regarded as obstructing law enforcement.
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Software Supply Chain Security
AI Slop-Squatting Cross-Platform RAT Infostealer Malware Malicious Npm Packages malware Npm Malware Npm Supply Chain Attack Software Supply Chain Security

Nearly 800 Malicious npm Packages Found Delivering Cross-Platform RAT and Infostealer


An extensive software supply chain attack targeting developers and systems running Windows, Mac OS, and Linux has identified approximately 800 malicious packages on the npm registry as part of this campaign. Researchers report that the campaign represents a shift from traditional typosquatting to high-volume "AI slop-squatting." 

A malicious attacker may generate an enormous number of plausible-looking package names rather than merely imitating a few popular libraries, which may be selected by mistake through developer typos, automated suggestions, or artificial intelligence coding assistants. The threat actors can cast a much wider net over the NPM ecosystem this way, according to OpenSourceMalware researcher Paul McCarty. The packages appear legitimate by using AI-generated, squatted, randomly generated, or typosquatted names. Upon installation, they deploy WEL1DROPPER, a downloader designed to identify the operating system and processor architecture of the victim before retrieving the appropriate malware payload. 

The README files of the packages instruct developers to load the malicious modules using JavaScript's built-in require() function, as opposed to many npm supply chain attacks that utilize preinstall or postinstall scripts. 

A malicious behavior may be less apparent during installation using this approach. Furthermore, the campaign highlights how threat actors are increasingly distributing RAT components across multiple NPM packages as opposed to relying exclusively on a single malicious package. By using this approach, malware can be spread across a broader developer ecosystem, and individual malicious components can be more difficult to detect during routine package reviews. This campaign targets developers working across Windows, Linux, and macOS environments, increasing the reach of the campaign beyond one operating system. 

When the HTTPS delivery fails, it switches to DNS TXT records associated with the domain wel1[.]ru. If the next-stage payload cannot be downloaded from Cloudflare Workers. Upon access to the compromised system, the malware retrieves multiple encoded chunks, combines them, decodes the resulting data, and executes the payload. 

Sonatype has identified the campaign as Flooding Dropper. In its analysis, Sonatype found additional capabilities designed to evade security monitoring and maintain persistence. In Windows, the malware is reported to interfere with Event Tracing for Windows (ETW) and Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI), check for virtual environments and sandboxes, as well as establish persistence through Registry Run keys and scheduled processes. 

A compromised development environment or continuous integration/continuous delivery system can contain valuable credentials and secrets, including cloud access credentials, SSH credentials, NPM tokens, source code, and environment variables. These risks extend beyond the individual developer workstation. Infections of such systems can therefore allow attackers access to resources that go well beyond the machine originally compromised. 

As with the MacOS version, the macOS variant searches for analytical and debugging artifacts before establishing persistence with a LaunchAgent. This Linux version has been delivered as an ELF executable packed with UPX and will allow Sliver, an open-source control framework, to be deployed. Among the packages, researchers also found a legitimate file called telemetry.js. It appears, however, that the file has the same downloader functionality and is intended to create additional noise and make the packages appear to be ordinary analytics or profiling software, thus confusing. 

According to researchers, the macOS payload contains references to Russian banking and payment services, suggesting that the campaign has ties to Russian financial targets. As suspected by OpenSourceMalware, this operation could represent an evolution of the Moika campaign, which previously involved hundreds of malicious npm packages. As opposed to a conventional software vulnerability, the activity is being treated as a malware distribution campaign that has been actively deployed. Packages have been published to the public npm registry and are being removed as they become apparent. 

In addition, researchers indicated that the campaign is not related to a CVE or listed as a CISA Known Exploited Vulnerability, highlighting the primary concern as being exposed to malicious dependencies rather than exploiting a flaw in npm itself. Security teams should review dependency manifests and lockfiles for unfamiliar packages, investigate newly introduced dependencies, and monitor npm and Node.js processes to determine if there has been any unusual network activity or access to sensitive credentials. Furthermore, organizations should implement stronger controls on AI-suggested dependencies and restrict package installation through trusted internal repositories. 

As malware can execute prior to developers identifying a malicious package, finding a malicious package should result in an exposure assessment, rather than simply removing it from the system. Security risks associated with open-source software ecosystems are being increasingly highlighted by the campaign, where malicious dependencies can make trusted development environments a launching pad for broader compromises. 

Organizations should strengthen dependency monitoring, verify unfamiliar packages, and carefully inspect software introduced to developer environments and continuous integration and continuous delivery systems.
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Zero-Day
Customer Data Cyber Attacks Metabase SQL Injection Flaw Zero-Day

SQL Injection Used in Zero-Day Metabase Customer Data Theft Hacks


To exploit customer instances in data theft hacks, a critical Metabase SQL injection flaw was abused in zero day attacks. The vulnerability impacted Tally and Framework.

Metabase revealed the attacks last week and warned that its Metabase Cloud SaaS platform was hacked via an earlier unknown bug impacting variants 1.58 and above. Metabase warned that self-hosted deployments may also be vulnerable.

In a blogpost, Metabase CEO, Sameer Al-Sakran said that, “"We recently identified that Metabase Cloud was attacked by someone utilizing an unknown ("0-day") security vulnerability in versions 1.58 and above."

Metabase stopped the endpoints used for the attack and released a fix for the flaw. 

"The vulnerability is an unauthenticated SQL injection flaw in Metabase that can ultimately give a remote attacker administrator access to a customer's instance."

Although Metabase has not given the flaw a CVE identifier, its security advisor labels it as Critical with CVSS score of 10.0 and acknowledges that it has been actively exploited.

"This is a CRITICAL vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject arbitrary SQL into the Metabase application database, which can give them administrator access to the instance,” said a GitHub security advisory.

"From there, the attacker could change the application configuration, steal stored credentials for the connected databases, read any data accessible through those connections, and export data. Metabase has confirmed active exploitation of this vulnerability.

Metabase is available both as Metabase Cloud, the organization’s managed SaaS offering, and as software that companies can host themselves.

According to Metabase, its Cloud consumers have already been patched and upgraded while businesses running flawed self-hosted deployments should update manually.

Metabase has recommended self-hosted customers to immediately upgrade, review API keys and administrator accounts for illegal changes, remove all active user sessions, check logs and query history for any compromise, and rotate credentials for linked databases.

Companies impacted and disclosed information

Framework, a laptop maker company has confirmed data theft after hackers breached its Metabase instance. The hackers stole customer information, such as names, login IP addresses, email addresses, company names, contacts, shipping and billing addresses. 

For Framework, stolen information of Business customers may include contacts, VAT, company names, billing email address, and EIN. 

Tally also informed its users that its Metabase analytics environment was hacked on August 3.

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RovoBlast
AI prompt injection attack Atlassian Confluence Cyber Attacks Data Exfiltration Jira server breach RovoBlast

Atlassian Rovo AI Can Be Abused to Exfiltrate Jira, Confluence Data

 




Atlassian's Rovo AI assistant has been exposed to two independent attack techniques that could cause it to retrieve Jira and Confluence data accessible to an authenticated user and transmit the information to an attacker-controlled server.

AI security firm PromptArmor and Varonis Threat Labs identified the techniques through different attack paths. Varonis' RovoBlast vulnerability has been fixed by Atlassian, while PromptArmor said its separate content-based attack remained exploitable when it published its findings on August 5, 2026.

Neither finding demonstrated a direct bypass of Jira or Confluence permissions. Instead, both attacks abused the legitimate access available to a victim's Rovo session.


Malicious content can manipulate Rovo

PromptArmor demonstrated an indirect prompt-injection attack in which attacker-controlled instructions were embedded inside content processed by Rovo.

In its example, a user uploaded a malicious document and asked Rovo to organize Jira tickets. The concealed instructions directed the assistant to search Jira and Confluence, collect information available to the user and place the results into an attacker-controlled URL request.

The attacker could then recover the stolen ticket and page contents through server logs.

PromptArmor said the victim would later see the expected ticket suggestions without an obvious indication that information had also been transmitted externally. The attack was not entirely zero-click, as the victim still had to expose Rovo to the malicious content and initiate a normal request. However, the subsequent exfiltration did not require a separate human approval step.

The firm also reported that disabling Rovo's web-search capability did not prevent its demonstrated attack because the exfiltration relied on a separate URL-retrieval capability.

PromptArmor identified the lack of a control preventing Rovo from opening a URL constructed by the model as a root cause. It also noted that Rovo can render Markdown images from model output, which could provide another potential route for data leakage, although the firm did not demonstrate a complete Rovo attack through that mechanism.

PromptArmor said it disclosed the issue to Atlassian on May 23, followed up on June 4 and July 29, and published after reporting no further communication. Its disclosure did not establish whether the content-based attack was remediated after publication.


RovoBlast used a malicious link

Varonis discovered a separate vulnerability involving Rovo's "rovoChatPrompt" URL parameter.

An attacker could place instructions directly into a specially crafted Rovo Chat link. When an authenticated user clicked the link, Rovo would load the attacker-controlled prompt and execute it using the user's existing permissions.

Varonis demonstrated the technique by instructing Rovo to retrieve sensitive information, place it into an attacker-controlled image URL and fetch the resource, thereby sending the data to the attacker.

The researchers successfully exfiltrated a private API key stored in Confluence. They also tested the technique against Jira information and data accessible through SharePoint and Outlook connectors.

The vulnerability, dubbed RovoBlast, was reported through Bugcrowd, received a P2 priority rating and earned a $6,000 bounty. Bugcrowd records Atlassian as deploying a server-side fix on July 8, 2026, after which the researcher validated the remediation and the report was marked resolved.


Enterprise permissions remain central to the risk

Rovo operates across Atlassian products and can incorporate information from connected third-party applications. Atlassian says Rovo access follows the permissions available to the user, meaning the demonstrations did not provide attackers with unrestricted tenant access.

However, the findings expose a different problem: an attacker can attempt to make the AI assistant use a victim's legitimate permissions for an unintended purpose.

Atlassian provides administrators with controls to restrict Rovo by application and, for Enterprise customers, by user group. Rovo is available on Standard, Premium and Enterprise Cloud plans, while disabling Rovo for one Jira-family application may not remove shared Rovo Search, Chat and Create capabilities if another Jira application on the same site still has Rovo enabled.

Neither disclosure reported confirmed exploitation against a real organization, and neither issue has a CVE or entry in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog as of August 8.

The immediate status is therefore split: Atlassian has confirmed the RovoBlast link vulnerability is closed, while the post-publication status of PromptArmor's separate content-borne attack remains unconfirmed.

Organizations using Rovo should review which applications, user groups and third-party connectors have access, tighten underlying data permissions and avoid treating the web-search setting alone as a complete defense against AI-assisted data exfiltration.

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Cyber Security
AI Air Traffic Business Cloudfare Cyber Security

Cloudflare Increases Annual Revenue Projection After AI Driven Traffic


Following impressive quarterly results, Cloudflare increased its full-year revenue projection above Wall Street expectations, wagering that the quick development of AI agents will continue to drive traffic throughout its network, which caused its shares to climb 18% after the bell.

More companies depending on Cloudflare

Demand for Cloudflare's cloud and security products has increased as more companies depend on its network to reliably route traffic and execute those technologies due to the rush to develop and expand AI agents.

Machines driving traffic

For the first time, machines rather than people accounted for more than half of the traffic that passed throughout Cloudflare's (NYSE: NET) network last quarter.

Following Thursday's second-quarter results, the internet infrastructure company's shares surged to a record high on Friday morning, reaching over $325 before partially reversing the day's gains.

During the results call, CEO Matthew Prince stated, "In Q2, more than 50% of the traffic flowing across Cloudflare's network was not human for the first time in human history." Months before his own prediction, which had indicated the first part of 2027, the crossover occurred.

About the growth

In light of this, Cloudflare increased its full-year revenue forecast to a range of $2.864 billion to $2.870 billion, or roughly 32% growth, and revenue increased 36% year over year to $696.1 million. Free cash flow increased 69% year over year to $56.4 million, while adjusted earnings per share came in at $0.29. Management directed revenue to increase by roughly 31% to $736 million to $737 million for the third quarter.

Additionally, there was a significant increase in customers. At the end of June, Cloudflare had 4,698 major customers, those that spend more than $100,000 annually, a 27% increase over the previous year. Additionally, current customers are spending more; dollar-based net retention, which measures how much the same customers spend after churn compared to a year ago, reached 120%, up 6 percentage points from a year ago and 2 percentage points from the first quarter.

Who pays Cloudflare?

Cloudflare is not yet paid by the machine traffic itself. Businesses who use the company's network for speed and cybersecurity pay subscriptions.

Therefore, handling a rapidly increasing amount of artificial intelligence (AI) crawler traffic primarily increases costs without increasing revenue. By that metric, Cloudflare becomes busier rather than larger in a majority-machine network.

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Malware attacks
Cryptocurrency Crime Cyber Security fake websites Malvertising Malvertising Campaign Malware attacks

Malvertising Campaign Uses Fake Crypto Websites to Build Malware Directly in Browser Memory

 

A major malvertising campaign targets crypto investors and traders with fake Solana, Luno and TradingView sites offering to install malicious JavaScript on users’ browsers, which then proceeds to construct malware locally on the victim’s machine, as opposed to delivering a compiled and ready-to-use executable over the network. The campaign has been active since the end of 2024 and has been localized in 25 languages and regions, with 12 countries being identified as the primary targets, with activity being particularly prominent in the Asia-Pacific and Latin American regions. 

Attackers appear to have implemented a filtering mechanism in order to avoid detection, with researchers postulating that the attackers may be able to distinguish between real users and scanners or researchers attempting to investigate the campaign. Researchers have noted that what makes the campaign particularly noteworthy is the way it leverages the user’s browser to facilitate the generation of malware on the victim’s machine. 

In contrast to traditional malvertising attacks, in which exploit kits are used to deliver payloads, this campaign appears to make use of Service Workers and Shared Workers in order to construct the malware. Initially, the target is directed to a fraudulent website, which proceeds to register a Service Worker that will be responsible for facilitating the download of the malware. A Shared Worker is then used for the assembly of the malware, which receives the necessary instructions and components via the Service Worker. 

Notably, the website is reported to be requesting configuration data in order to construct files with varying hashes, which would allow the attackers to bypass security measures such as signature-based detection. Instead of delivering an executable file, the site then responds with the data necessary for the browser to compile the file locally, with the components being downloaded and compiled in conjunction with remote resources in order to generate the final payload. It should be noted that the file reportedly makes use of a sanitized version of Bun executable. 

It is reported that the generated file is then delivered back to the Service Worker and eventually downloaded by the browser as if it were a legitimate file, which would explain why the malware would not be detected by conventional security measures. In addition, researchers note that the file may be challenging to analyze, as the final payload would only be available once the browser constructs it. Researchers note that the campaign, which goes by the name of SourTrade, previously made use of the StreamSaver project to deliver payloads, but has since switched to distributing malware via Service Workers. 
Reporters have noted that the techniques made use of by the campaign are similar to those described in a previous Bitdefender report on malware that was able to hijack encrypted traffic and exfiltrate sensitive data such as cookies, passwords, cryptocurrency wallet credentials, record keystrokes, take screenshots and maintain persistence on the target machine. Due to the fact that the campaign specifically targets cryptocurrency and trading platforms, it is possible that attackers will be able to leverage the stolen information to gain unauthorized access to the victim’s accounts. 

As such, users are advised to avoid downloading any cryptocurrency or trading-related applications via social media or search engines, and to only download such applications directly on the company’s official website whenever possible.
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