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Microsoft and Japanese Police Dismantle Network Behind Over 1 Billion Phishing Messages

  Microsoft and Japan's National Police Agency have jointly dismantled a phishing operation that sent more than 1 billion fraudulent ema...

All the recent news you need to know

Hirudo Android Malware Replaces Banking Apps to Evade Security Checks

 

A newly identified Android banking trojan called Hirudo is taking an unusually aggressive approach to evading mobile security: instead of merely overlaying fake login screens on top of legitimate apps, it replaces the victim’s banking app with a modified copy. According to mobile security firm ThreatFabric, the malware retains nearly all of the original app’s code but injects a hooking engine based on the open-source frameworks YAHFA and Dobby. That lets it operate inside the banking app’s own process, effectively turning the app’s defenses against it.

Hirudo is typically delivered through seemingly useful apps, including a shopping app called Shopora, an adult-content app named 1V1 X, and short-drama apps such as ZoyaTV and KoiShort. These loader apps provide the functionality users expect, then display a fake “update” notification that leads to permission requests—most importantly access to Android’s Accessibility services. Once granted, Hirudo can uninstall the genuine banking app, download a patched version, and install it automatically using its elevated permissions. 

The replacement app is designed to defeat several common security checks. It can substitute the genuine signing certificate when queried, hide enabled Accessibility services, remove screenshot protection, alter key-attestation certificates, and route Play Integrity requests through an attacker-controlled server. By doing so, it can make a tampered banking app appear legitimate to both the user and parts of the device’s security system. Researchers note that the process is risky for the attacker because the victim can interrupt the app replacement at two separate points. 

Once active, Hirudo gives operators extensive control over the infected phone. It can steal banking passwords, payment PINs, device-unlock credentials, and SMS messages; stream the screen in real time; capture screenshots; record audio; and access both cameras. The malware also uses fake checkout pages to collect payment PINs and then shows a fabricated payment-success message, making victims believe a transaction completed normally while their data is being harvested.

ThreatFabric says Hirudo has impersonated at least seven Indonesian banks, with additional targeting observed in China, India, Mexico, Morocco, and Thailand. An unsecured backend panel linked to the operation contained thousands of application-credential entries, along with device, lock-screen, and financial-profile data, though the total number of victims remains unknown. The researchers recommend that banks validate integrity and attestation server-side, tie those checks to sessions and protected actions, and maintain behavioral and transaction-risk controls. Android users should keep devices updated, avoid installing APKs from unofficial stores, and periodically run Google Play Protect scans.

AI Agents Build Chrome Zero-Day Exploit in Six Days, Winning $250,000 Reward

 

AI-powered security agents developed a Google Chrome exploit within six days and earned XBOW company $250,000 from Google. The exploit involved an intricate chain of attacks that used to require extensive manual work and unique expertise in the past. 

Researchers at XBOW utilized OpenAI’s publicly available GPT-5.6 Sol model to find and combine three Chrome vulnerabilities, resulting in an exploit that enables code execution in Chrome when a victim loads a web page. The researcher group spent nearly $40,000 on the AI-powered process, in addition to the extensive preparations before the six-day research window. V8 JavaScript Engine, WebP image codec, and Crashpad constitute Google Chrome’s fundamental components. 

The researchers discovered an intricate attack chain that involved all three elements. Exploiting Chrome’s reporting tool, one could gain arbitrary code execution by inducing the component into a special state. The researchers found two zero-day flaws in Chrome, namely,CVE-2026-85045 and CVE-2026-78952. Google patched the flaws in Chrome on August 25 and September 3, respectively. The software received updates in versions 152.0.7977.65 and 152.0.7977.82. 

If you are a Windows user, you need to restart Chrome and ensure it is at least version 152.0.7977.82. It is unclear whether any attackers used the Chrome flaw to infiltrate systems. However, Chrome is a popular browser with an estimated billion Windows users worldwide, any successful attack would have severe consequences. The article concludes by emphasizing the collaboration between AI-powered agents and human counterparts. Apparently, the AI-powered system did not do everything automatically. 

In addition to the preparatory steps, the researchers engaged in the preparatory steps and the exploit development itself. Thus, the new possibilities opened up by AI research tools is that researchers are no longer limited by their knowledge and skills to develop an intricate attack chain. Google Vulnerability Reward Program encourages security researchers to report bugs they discover in the company’s products. 

In this particular case, XBOW received $250,000 from Google for the research. The result highlights the relevance of browser security research and the significance of the work of security researchers who protect users from attacks. On the one hand, the researchers increased the potential attack surface of Chrome. 

However, the exploit they discovered is chained in a way that allows Chrome users to protect themselves better. The new possibilities in security research, enabled by artificial intelligence, change the game for browsers’ security. Attackers can develop sophisticated exploits faster now, and the protection-focused counterparts should respond by promptly distributing and installing updates.

Company Accused of Making $60 Million by Exploiting Sextortion Victims


A US-based digital forensics company is facing allegations that it collected at least $60 million from people seeking help with sextortion threats but failed to provide the assistance it promised. 

According to a complaint filed by the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Digital Forensics Corporation (DFC), its owner Dmitry Belkin, and associated businesses allegedly misled victims who were already experiencing fear, emotional distress, and threats of having private images exposed.

Scam details

According to the FTC complaint, DFC collected at least $60 million between February 2023 and July 2026. The company allegedly charged customers between $1,499 and $20,000 for services advertised as helping identify blackmailers, stop threats, and support investigations.

The complaint claims that the company misrepresented its investigative capabilities and the results it could achieve. Among the allegations is that DFC used fabricated investigative chat transcripts to make customers believe its investigators were actively communicating with suspected criminals.

The FTC also alleges that the company reused location information to create the impression that it had successfully tracked down perpetrators. Such tactic could lead customers to believe that meaningful investigative work was being conducted when the evidence presented to them did not support those claims.

Besides this, the complaint argues that customers were pressured into purchasing extra services. The company reportedly used positive reviews that were not genuine to strengthen its reputation and made obtaining refunds difficult for dissatisfied customers. 

“Instead of communicating with the sextortionist through the victim's account, defendants routinely change the victim's account settings simply to block the sextortionist's communications. Instead of obtaining investigative information, defendants fabricate chat transcripts,” the complaint said.

FTC’s response

According to the complaint, “Defendants falsely portray themselves as digital forensics experts, claiming they can track and identify sextortionists, prevent the spread of explicit material and coordinate with law enforcement to bring criminals to justice."

The FTC filed a lawsuit against DFC, Belkin, and several affiliated companies, accusing violations of consumer protection laws. A federal court temporarily halted the company's operations while the legal case proceeds. The agency is seeking action against the alleged deceptive practices.

The FTC also reported that the company advertised its services through search engines, video-sharing websites, and social media platforms, potentially reaching people actively searching for urgent help. 

OpenAI Employee Arrested Over Hidden Recorder Allegations


In connection with the arrest and prosecution of an employee of OpenAI, it has been claimed that a recording device was allegedly placed in an executive conference room at the company's San Francisco headquarters. This device was reportedly intended to record confidential discussions regarding the company's artificial intelligence research and strategic plans. 

As a result of the arrest of Abdulrahman Alfozan, a 35-year-old Saudi national, on October 9, 2026, his position has been terminated. A federal charge has been filed against him by the U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ) for using or attempting to use an electronic or mechanical device to intercept oral communications. He joined OpenAI in July 2025 and worked on its product team. 

In the executive conference room, OpenAI personnel discovered a hidden audio recording device connected to a USB port behind a television on September 30, causing an alarm to sound. During the period of September 28 to December 31, the device was installed and wrapped in toilet paper to conceal it, according to the complaint.

The room was regularly used to hold executive meetings related to highly confidential technical, commercial, and strategic matters. This information included proprietary research, product development plans, business opportunities, government engagements, and information concerning the company's artificial intelligence progress. The investigation also included review of office surveillance footage that showed Alfozan near the conference room several times before the device was discovered.

According to the complaint, he did not play any part in the meetings in which the device was discovered. As a result of the investigation, the investigation has also allege that later he returned to the room and observed the recording device behind the television. Furthermore, Alfozan is accused of using a workplace productivity tool to gather information about OpenAI's offices, conference rooms, meeting schedules, and room capacity before the device was installed, according to the FBI complaint. 

The searches reportedly included information about leadership meetings as well as sessions involving external partners, raising questions regarding potential attempts to identify opportunities for recording confidential conversations. As part of the investigation, investigators examined prompts submitted via an account associated with Alfozan's spouse's chatbot.

According to the account, between September 24 and 30, it was allegedly used to obtain information about building and configuring audio recorders, setting up Wi-Fi, enabling live audio monitoring, encrypting stored data, and remote access to the device. According to the complaint, the chatbot account shares identifiers and other attributes with Alfozan's own account. 

A second recording device was allegedly discovered on October 5, when OpenAI's security personnel inspected an unattended bag left in another room of the company's building. Among the items in the bag are Alfozan's wallet and identification as well as a device similar to that found in the executive conference room. 

A surveillance video was also allegedly captured by investigators capturing him checking behind the television, where the first device had been placed. OpenAI reported that the recording device had encryption capabilities, audio monitoring capabilities, and an encrypted data transfer mechanism for avoiding detection. 

Following the analysis of the device by internal AI models and the identification of the employee who allegedly perpetrated it, the company referred the case to the FBI. Even though the allegations were somewhat serious, OpenAI stated that there was no evidence that Alfozan improperly accessed or removed model weights, source code, or customer data. Security measures provided by the company were intended to address threats ranging from insider threats to cybercriminals and nation-state actors. 

As a result of his arrest, Alfozan appeared in federal court and is facing the possibility of five years in prison, a $250,000 fine, and a three-year probation period. Unauthorized recording of confidential technical developments and business strategies can expose confidential information even without direct access to the digital systems, as outlined in the investigation of the risks posed by insider threats at organizations engaged in sensitive AI research. 

Those organizations developing advanced artificial intelligence technologies should take precautions against insider threats, maintain workplace security controls, and protect confidential information. This case is currently being investigated, and the allegations have not yet been proven in court.

XWorm RAT Evolves Into Advanced Surveillance Malware

Remote access trojan (RAT) XWorm has developed into an advanced surveillance threat whose capabilities extend beyond data theft and remote system control. According to cyber security researchers at Netskope Threat Labs, recent versions of this malware contain plugins for tracking the location of victims, capturing live audio, controlling webcams, and controlling active browser sessions. 

It was discovered in 2022 that XWorm facilitated the control of compromised systems by logging keystrokes, capturing screenshots, and executing remote payloads. The malware has been modified by its developers since its discovery, adding new features and releasing updated versions. According to Netskope, 1,236 detection events were recorded across 100 customer organisations during the third quarter of 2026, representing a fourfold increase from the same period in 2025. 

The malware's expansion has been accompanied by an expansion of its plugin collection. In July 2025, 35 plugins were supported, but by October 2026, 46 plugins were supported, which provided increased capabilities for monitoring and interacting with victims' devices. 

A cracking of the XWorm builder and subsequent release of the source code for version 6.4 in August 2025 resulted in the wider dissemination of the malware. Since then, researchers have identified multiple versions operating in the wild, including V6.4, V6.5, V7.2, and V7.4 The malware has been modified in several ways, including code protection, delivery methods, and the ability to evade security analysis. 

There are approximately 35% of affected customers that are affiliated with financial services companies, according to Netskope. The majority of reported incidents have occurred in the United States, India, Brazil, Italy, Panama, and Brazil. HBrowser plugins pose a significant security risk due to their ability to operate within existing browser sessions rather than relying on stolen passwords.

Command-and-control channels of the malware are encrypted using AES, allowing for remote mouse clicks, keyboard inputs, and other interactions with the active browser. By continuously taking screenshots, attackers can gain access to accounts already logged in and potentially gain access to sensitive information. By collecting device location data without a visible consent request, the Maps plugin adds another layer of surveillance. 

Netskope's analysis shows that it attempts to retrieve GPS coordinates, but when GPS coordinates are not available, it switches to IP-based geolocation. Microphone plugins allow for recording audio from selected recording devices and transmission to operators in encrypted, compressed data chunks. In addition to webcam recording, attackers may also monitor compromised devices without displaying obvious warnings to the user using these functions. 

Continued Development Raises Security Concerns 

As the malware has evolved, it has also undergone changes to make analysis and detection more challenging. Recent variants have introduced stronger code protection techniques, techniques for avoiding virtual analysis environments, and modifications to payload delivery and command-and-control communication. 

By expanding the plugin collection, operators have increased the range of options they have for tailoring attacks to meet their objectives. NetSkope anticipates continued development of XWorm following the public release of its builder and source code, with further development likely following that. The increasing surveillance capabilities of malware also highlight the limitations associated with multi-factor authentication alone. 

An attacker who controls an already authenticated browser session on an infected device may not be able to prevent access to open accounts even when additional login verification is performed. It is recommended that security teams strengthen endpoint monitoring, investigate unusual process and network activity, and restrict unauthorised outbound communications. 

Network segmentation will also allow you to limit the spread of malware across other connected systems. Detecting endpoints, monitoring traffic, and responding to incidents in a timely manner remain crucial for identifying suspicious activity and containing compromised devices before they can be exploited further by attackers.

Microsoft's Xandr Handed Norway's Largest Privacy Fine for Funneling Grindr User Data to Thousands of Advertisers

 



Norway's data protection authority has issued its largest fine to date, hitting Microsoft-owned advertising company Xandr with a NOK 92 million ($9.6 million) penalty for passing sensitive personal data belonging to Norwegian Grindr users through automated advertising auctions without a legal basis. The decision, signed October 2 by Datatilsynet Director General Line Coll and Head of International Tobias Judin, targets one of the most contested privacy questions in digital advertising: whether ad intermediaries can claim ignorance of how consent was collected by the apps they serve.

Grindr is a location-based dating app primarily used by gay, bisexual, trans, and queer people. For nearly two years, from July 2018 to April 2020, Xandr sat at the center of the app's advertising infrastructure, operating on both the buying and selling sides of real-time bidding. The process works fast and invisibly. The moment a user opened Grindr, the app passed their data through Xandr to a pool of companies competing in a split-second auction for the right to show that person an ad. Datatilsynet found that this relay included at minimum each user's advertising ID, IP address, and the fact of their Grindr use. Under GDPR, that last detail matters enormously. The authority concluded that being identifiable as a Grindr user is itself information that indicates sexual orientation, a category that European data law places under strict protection and requires explicit consent to process.

Xandr's defense rested on the argument that it believed Grindr had already collected consent from its users. Datatilsynet rejected that reasoning on a straightforward legal basis: Xandr was not a passive conduit but a joint controller alongside Grindr. Under GDPR's joint controller framework, both parties carry independent obligations to confirm a lawful basis exists before processing sensitive data. Xandr never verified that any such basis was in place, and the authority ruled that the company had no right to treat consent as someone else's responsibility. "Xandr omitted to verify that the consents from Grindr were valid, and did not do anything to ensure they had a legal basis for their own processing," Coll stated in the decision.

The investigation turned up a complicating detail. Xandr had been notified of the probe by Datatilsynet in February 2020. Despite that, the company deleted documentation about its processing of Grindr users' data between July 2020 and February 2023, when the authority sent a second information order. Xandr told investigators the deletion had occurred as part of its routine data retention policies. Datatilsynet refused to let that explanation close the gap, noting that the company knew an active investigation was underway when the records were removed.

In setting the penalty at NOK 92 million, Datatilsynet cited the duration of the violations, the direct financial benefit Xandr drew from the unlawful sharing, and the fact that thousands of Norwegian users had their sensitive data exposed to potentially thousands of companies without their knowledge. Crucially, the fine was calculated against Xandr's own annual turnover and not Microsoft's. The authority noted that the violations took place before Microsoft completed its acquisition of Xandr in June 2022, after AT&T sold the unit it had rebranded from AppNexus in 2019.

A Microsoft spokesperson mentioned that the investigation "focused on conduct that predates Microsoft's acquisition of Xandr," adding that interpretations and applications of legal standards have continued to evolve since then. The company said it is reviewing the decision and assessing its options. Xandr, which now operates as Microsoft Advertising, has three weeks to appeal to Norway's Privacy Appeals Board.

The case has roots in January 2020, when the Norwegian Consumer Council filed complaints against Grindr and five ad tech companies: AppNexus, MoPub, OpenX, AdColony, and Smaato. Austrian privacy rights organization noyb joined the action and celebrated the outcome, calling the decision "a major blow to the online adtech industry." This week's fine against Xandr is the downstream enforcement of a broader probe that, on the Grindr side, produced a NOK 65 million penalty against the app itself in 2021. Norway's Borgarting Court of Appeal upheld that fine against Grindr in October 2025 after the company challenged it through two rounds of litigation.

Grindr's data-sharing history has had consequences beyond Norwegian borders as well. In September 2026, the dating app agreed to pay £26 million to settle a UK class action brought by roughly 12,000 users who alleged the platform had shared information including HIV status, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and location with third-party advertising firms before 2020. The London lawsuit, filed in April 2024 by law firm Austen Hays, alleged violations of UK data protection law during roughly the same period covered by the Norwegian proceedings.

The Datatilsynet decision marks one of the more pointed statements yet from a European privacy regulator on how far down an ad supply chain accountability can reach. By treating Xandr as a joint controller rather than an infrastructure provider, the authority made clear that operating the pipes through which sensitive data flows carries its own legal obligations, regardless of which company collected the data in the first place.




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